5,806 research outputs found
ELEVATED SERUM LEVELS OF TNF SOLUBLE RECEPTORS IN PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES
ANCA are found in various systemic vasculitis and are supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, in cooperation with other factors such as cytokines. A total of 36 ANCA-positive and 10 ANCA-negative serum samples were analysed for the presence of TNF soluble receptors (TNF-sR), which are shed from the surface of activated cells and may act as TNF inhibitors. Of the ANCA-positive samples, 67% had elevated TNF-sR75 and 72% had elevated TNF-sR55 compared to ANCA-negative specimens (mean [S.E.] 18.7 [17.3] vs 3.6 [1.5] and 10.5 [9.7] vs 1.9 [0.7] ng/ml, P<0.01). Elevation of TNF-sR in patients with ANCA suggests that cytokines and their inhibitors are involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated autoimmune disease
Spontaneous arterial thrombosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Successful treatment with pharmacomechanical thrombectomy
AbstractPatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have various coagulation abnormalities as well as increased risk for development of clinical thrombosis and subsequent embolic events. We report acute lower leg ischemia caused by spontaneous atheroembolism with no identifiable source in a young patient with HIV infection. Treatment included percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolysis, which reversed the arterial ischemia. Physicians should be aware of thromboembolic disease as a possible complication of HIV
Impurity center in a semiconductor quantum ring in the presence of a radial electric field
The problem of an impurity electron in a quantum ring (QR) in the presence of
a radially directed strong external electric field is investigated in detail.
Both an analytical and a numerical approach to the problem are developed. The
analytical investigation focuses on the regime of a strong wire-electric field
compared to the electric field due to the impurity. An adiabatic and
quasiclassical approximation is employed. The explicit dependencies of the
binding energy of the impurity electron on the electric field strength,
parameters of the QR and position of the impurity within the QR are obtained.
Numerical calculations of the binding energy based on a finite-difference
method in two and three dimensions are performed for arbitrary strengths of the
electric field. It is shown that the binding energy of the impurity electron
exhibits a maximum as a function of the radial position of the impurity that
can be shifted arbitrarily by applying a corresponding wire-electric field. The
maximal binding energy monotonically increases with increasing electric field
strength. The inversion effect of the electric field is found to occur. An
increase of the longitudinal displacement of the impurity typically leads to a
decrease of the binding energy. Results for both low- and high-quantum rings
are derived and discussed. Suggestions for an experimentally accessible set-up
associated with the GaAs/GaAlAs QR are provided.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
Note on Global Regularity for 2D Oldroyd-B Fluids with Diffusive Stress
We prove global regularity of solutions of Oldroyd-B equations in 2 spatial
dimensions with spatial diffusion of the polymeric stresses
Hole Localization in Underdoped Superconducting Cuprates Near 1/8th Doping
Measurements of thermal conductivity versus temperature over a broad range of
doping in YBaCuO and HgBaCaCuO
(=1,2,3) suggest that small domains of localized holes develop for hole
concentrations near =1/8. The data imply a mechanism for localization that
is intrinsic to the CuO-planes and is enhanced via pinning associated with
oxygen-vacancy clusters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps fig.'s, to be published, Phys. Rev.
The Internal Structural Adjustment due to Tidal Heating of Short-Period Inflated Giant Planets
Several short-period Jupiter-mass planets have been discovered around nearby
solar-type stars. During the circularization of their orbits, the dissipation
of tidal disturbance by their host stars heats the interior and inflates the
sizes of these planets. Based on a series of internal structure calculations
for giant planets, we examine the physical processes which determine their
luminosity-radius relation. In order for young or intensely heated gas giant
planets to attain quasi-hydrostatic equilibria, with sizes comparable to or
larger than two Jupiter radii, their interiors must have sufficiently high
temperature and low density such that degeneracy effects are relatively weak
compared to those in a mature and compact Jupiter. Consequently, the polytropic
index monotonically increases whereas the central temperature increases and
then decreases with the planets' size. These effects, along with a
temperature-sensitive opacity for the radiative surface layers of giant
planets, cause the power index of the luminosity's dependence on radius to
decrease with increasing radius. For planets larger than twice Jupiter's
radius, this index is sufficiently small that they become unstable to tidal
inflation. We make comparisons between cases of uniform heating and cases in
which the heating is concentrated in various locations within the giant planet.
Based on these results we suggest that accurate measurement of the sizes of
close-in young Jupiters can be used to probe their internal structure under the
influence of tidal heating.Comment: 39 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap
Supernova Enrichment of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
(Abridged) Many dwarf galaxies exhibit sub-Solar metallicities, with some
star-to-star variation, despite often containing multiple generations of stars.
The total metal content in these systems is much less than expected from the
heavy element production of massive stars in each episode of star formation.
Such a deficiency implies that a substantial fraction of the enriched material
has been lost from these small galaxies. Mass ejection from dwarf galaxies may
have important consequences for the evolution of the intergalactic medium and
for the evolution of massive galaxies, which themselves may have formed via the
merger of smaller systems. We report here the results of three-dimensional
simulations of the evolution of supernova-enriched gas within dwarf spheroidal
galaxies (dSph's), with the aim of determining the retention efficiency of
supernova ejecta. We consider two galaxy models, selected to represent opposite
ends of the dSph sequence. For each model galaxy we investigate a number of
scenarios, ranging from a single supernova in smooth gas distributions to more
complex multiple supernovae in highly disturbed gas distributions. The results
of these investigations suggest that, for low star-formation efficiencies, it
is difficult to completely expel the enriched material from the galaxy. Most of
the enriched gas is, however, lost from the core of the galaxy following
multiple supernovae, especially if the interstellar medium is already highly
disturbed by processes such as photo-ionization and stellar winds. If
subsequent star formation occurs predominantly within the core where most of
the residual gas is concentrated, then these results could explain the poor
self-enrichment efficiency observed in dwarf galaxies.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journa
The Landscape of Particle Production: Results from PHOBOS
Recent results from the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC are presented, both from
Au+Au collisions from the 2001 run and p+p and d+Au collisions from 2003. The
centrality dependence of the total charged particle multiplicity in p+p and
d+Au show features, such as Npart-scaling and limiting fragmentation, similar
to p+A collisions at lower energies. Multiparticle physics in Au+Au is found to
be local in (pseudo)rapidity, both when observed by HBT correlations and by
forward-backward pseudorapidity correlations. The shape of elliptic flow in
Au+Au, measured over the full range of pseudorapidity, appears to have a very
weak centrality dependence. Identified particle ratios in d+Au reactions show
little difference between the shape of proton and anti-proton spectra, while
the absolute yields show an approximate m_T scaling.Comment: 8 Pages, 11 Figures, Plenary talk at Quark Matter 2004, Oakland, CA,
January 11-18, 200
A Two Micron All-Sky Survey View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: II. Swope Telescope Spectroscopy of M Giant Stars in the Dynamically Cold Sagittarius Tidal Stream
We present moderate resolution (~6 km/s) spectroscopy of 284 M giant
candidates selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry. Radial
velocities (RVs) are presented for stars mainly in the south, with a number
having positions consistent with association to the trailing tidal tail of the
Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy. The latter show a clear RV trend with orbital
longitude, as expected from models of the orbit and destruction of Sgr. A
minimum 8 kpc width of the trailing stream about the Sgr orbital midplane is
implied by verified RV members. The coldness of this stream (dispersion ~10
km/s) provides upper limits on the combined contributions of stream heating by
a lumpy Galactic halo and the intrinsic dispersion of released stars, which is
a function of the Sgr core mass. The Sgr trailing arm is consistent with a
Galactic halo containing one dominant, LMC-like lump, however some lumpier
halos are not ruled out. An upper limit to the total M/L of the Sgr core is 21
in solar units. A second structure that roughly mimics expectations for
wrapped, leading Sgr arm debris crosses the trailing arm in the Southern
Hemisphere; however, this may also be an unrelated tidal feature. Among the <13
kpc M giants toward the South Galactic Pole are some with large RVs that
identify them as halo stars, perhaps part of the Sgr leading arm near the Sun.
The positions and RVs of Southern Hemisphere M giants are compared with those
of southern globular clusters potentially stripped from the Sgr system and
support for association of Pal 2 and Pal 12 with Sgr debris is found. Our
discussion includes description of a masked-filtered cross-correlation
methodology that achieves better than 1/20 of a resolution element RVs in
moderate resolution spectra.Comment: 41 pages, 6 figures, Astronomical Journal, in press (submitted Nov.
24, 2003; tentatively scheduled for July 2004 issue
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