Seeing Through Things:Exploring the Design Space of Privacy-Aware Data-Enabled Objects

Increasing amounts of sensor-augmented research objects have been used in design research. We call these objects Data-Enabled Objects, which can be integrated into daily activities capturing data about people's detailed whereabouts, behaviours, and routines. These objects provide data perspectives on everyday life for contextual design research. However, data-enabled objects are still computational devices with limited privacy awareness and nuanced data sharing. To better design data-enabled objects, we explore privacy design spaces by inviting 18 teams of undergraduate design students to re-design the same type of sensor-enabled home research camera. We developed the Connected Peekaboo Toolkit (CPT) to support the design teams in designing, building, and directly deploying their prototypes in real home studies. We conducted Thematic Analysis to analyze their outcomes which led us to interpret that privacy is not just an obstacle but can be a driver by unfolding an exploration of possible design spaces for data-enabled objects.</p

Sampling of basement fluids via circulation obviation retrofit kits (CORKs) for dissolved gases, fluid fixation at the seafloor, and the characterization of organic carbon

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lin, H. T., Hsieh, C. C., Repeta, D. J., & Rappé, M. S. Sampling of basement fluids via circulation obviation retrofit kits (CORKs) for dissolved gases, fluid fixation at the seafloor, and the characterization of organic carbon. Methodsx, 7, (2020): 101033, doi:10.1016/j.mex.2020.101033.The advanced instrumented GeoMICROBE sleds (Cowen et al., 2012) facilitate the collection of hydrothermal fluids and suspended particles in the subseafloor (basaltic) basement through Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) installed within boreholes of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The main components of the GeoMICROBE can be converted into a mobile pumping system (MPS) that is installed on the front basket of a submersible or remotely-operated-vehicle (ROV). Here, we provide details of a hydrothermal fluid-trap used on the MPS, through which a gastight sampler can withdraw fluids. We also applied the MPS to demonstrate the value of fixing samples at the seafloor in order to determine redox-sensitive dissolved iron concentrations and speciation measurements. To make the best use of the GeoMICROBE sleds, we describe a miniature and mobile version of the GeoMICROBE sled, which permits rapid turn-over and is relatively easy for preparation and operation. Similar to GeoMICROBE sleds, the Mobile GeoMICROBE (MGM) is capable of collecting fluid samples, filtration of suspended particles, and extraction of organics. We validate this approach by demonstrating the seafloor extraction of hydrophobic organics from a large volume (247L) of hydrothermal fluids. • We describe the design of a hydrothermal fluid-trap for use with a gastight sampler, as well as the use of seafloor fixation, through ROV- or submersible assisted mobile pumping systems. • We describe the design of a Mobile GeoMICROBE (MGM) that enhances large volume hydrothermal fluid sampling, suspended particle filtration, and organic matter extraction on the seafloor. • We provide an example of organic matter extracted and characterized from hydrothermal fluids via a MGM.We dedicate this work to Dr. James P. Cowen, who had envisioned and constructed the integrated instrumentation, GeoMICROBE, to monitor the sub-basement biosphere. We thank the chief scientists, captains, crews, and science teams on board R/V Atlantis cruises AT15-35, AT15-51, AT15-66, AT18-07, MSM20-5, AT26-03, and AT26-18, and the pilots and crews of ROV Jason II and HOV Alvin. We thank our student assistants, Natalie Hamada, Kathryn Hu, Ryan Matzumoto, Everette Omori, and Fan-Chieh Chuang. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation-Microbial Observatory Project (NSF-MCB06-04014 to J. P. Cowen), Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI; NSF award OCE-0939564 to M. S. Rappé), NSF award OCE-1260723 (to M. S. Rappé), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan award (MOST 105-2119-M-002-034, MOST 107-2611-M-002-002, MOST 108-2611-M-002-006, and MOST109-2611-M-002-008 to H.-T. Lin). Ministry of Education (MOE) Republic of China (Taiwan) 109L892601 to H.-T. Lin. NSF award OCE-1634080 (to D. J. Repeta), the Simons Foundation-Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE) award 329108 (to D. J. Repeta), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation award 6000 (to D. J. Repeta). This paper is SOEST contribution number 11121, HIMB contribution 1804 and C-DEBI contribution number 543

Metronidazole-Induced Irreversible Optic Neuropathy

Metronidazole-induced optic neuropathy is a rare complication. Most patients have excellent visual recovery. In this study, we report a patient who presented with a sudden onset of severe visual loss after a 1-week course of metronidazole. Myelitis developed simultaneously. The vision and the accompanying neurological deficiency of the patient did not improve even after metronidazole was discontinued immediately and various treatments were given

Organic biogeochemistry in West Mata, NE Kau hydrothermal vent fields

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22(4), (2021): e2020GC009481, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009481.The impact of submarine hydrothermal systems on organic carbon in the ocean—one of the largest fixed carbon reservoirs on Earth—could be profound. Yet, different vent sites show diverse fluid chemical compositions and the subsequent biological responses. Observations from various vent sites are to evaluate hydrothermal systems' impact on the ocean carbon cycle. A response cruise in May 2009 to an on-going submarine eruption at West Mata Volcano, northeast Lau Basin, provided an opportunity to quantify the organic matter production in a back-arc spreading hydrothermal system. Hydrothermal vent fluids contained elevated dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) relative to background seawater. The δ13C-POC values for suspended particles in the diffuse vent fluids (−15.5‰ and −12.3‰) are distinct from those in background seawater (−23 ± 1‰), indicative of unique carbon synthesis pathways of the vent microbes from the seawater counterparts. The first dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations reported for diffuse vents were similar to or higher than those for background seawater. Enhanced nitrogen fixation and denitrification removed 37%–89% of the total dissolved nitrogen in the recharging background seawater in the hydrothermal vent flow paths. The hydrothermal plume samples were enriched in POC and PN, indicating enhanced biological production. The total “dark” organic carbon production within the plume matches the thermodynamic prediction based on available reducing chemical substances supplied to the plume. This research combines the measured organic carbon contents with thermodynamic modeled results and demonstrates the importance of hydrothermal activities on the water column carbon production in the deep ocean.This project was supported by N.S.F. (OCE0929881, J. P. Cowen and K. H. Rubin), the NOAA PMEL VENTS (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, and the UH NASA Astrobiology Institute. The Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan award (MOST 107-2611-M-002-002, and MOST 108-2611-M-002-006 to H.-T. Lin). Ministry of Education (M.O.E.) Republic of China (Taiwan) 109L892601 to H.-T. Lin. SOEST contributions no. 11285, C-DEBI contribution no. 563. PMEL contribution no. 3996, JISAO contribution 2183

Taiwanese Version of the EQ-5D: Validation in a Representative Sample of the Taiwanese Population

Background/PurposeWe know of no validated Taiwanese-language instrument to measure a utility of the patient's health. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Taiwanese version of the EuroQol instrument (EQ-5D) in a Taiwanese population.MethodsQuestionnaires containing the Taiwanese versions of the EQ-5D and the Short-Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) were sent to 12,923 people in Taiwan in December 2002. Concurrent validity of the EQ-5D was analyzed by assuming that subjects with problems in any EQ-5D dimensions had decreased SF-12 scores. Discriminant validity of the EQ-5D was analyzed by assuming that subjects with the following characteristics had lowered EQ-5D indexes and scores on the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS): more chronic diseases than others, serious illness, more hospitalizations in the past year than others, poor general health, and more outpatient visits than others. Test—retest reliability was analyzed in a subgroup of respondents who were evaluated twice within a month by using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the k method.ResultsThe general survey response rate was 12.7% (1644 of 12,923). SF-12 scores were lower in subjects reporting problems on EQ-5D dimensions than in others without such problems (p < 0.01). Subjects with more health problems than others had lower EQ-5D indexes and VAS scores (p < 0.01). The physical dimension of the EQ-5D was more strongly correlated with the SF-12 Physical Component Summary than with the Mental Component Summary; this finding satisfied the a priori hypothesis. For test—retest reliability of items on the EQ-5D, k values ranged from 0.49 to 1 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Taiwanese EQ-5D instrument appears to be a moderately valid and reliable tool for measuring the health status of the general population in Taiwan