Additional file 2 of Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes mesenchymal stem cell transplantation-based articular cartilage regeneration via inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway

Additional file 2 Figure S1: Representative Alcian blue staining images for the chondrocyte spheres in suspension culture for LIPUS stimulation and adhered for staining. Figure S2: Western blot data of chondrogenic proteins (COL-II, ACAN, and SOX-9) and actin after different parameters of LIPUS stimulatio

Additional file 3 of Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes mesenchymal stem cell transplantation-based articular cartilage regeneration via inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway

Additional file 3 Full-length blots of the data shown in Figure S2

Additional file 1 of Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes mesenchymal stem cell transplantation-based articular cartilage regeneration via inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway

Additional file 1 Table S1: Lists of hUC-MSCs qPCR primers. Table S2: Lists of C28/I2 qPCR primer

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for gout.

<p>Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for gout.</p

Characteristics of included studies.

<p>Characteristics of included studies.</p

The diagnostic performance of musculoskeletal ultrasound in gout: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Musculoskeletal ultrasound is widely used in diagnosing gout, but its accuracy is debatable. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gout.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We systematically searched for publications using Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline and Embase and manually screened the references of eligible articles for additional relevant publications. Studies were included in this systematic review if they assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in gout compared to that of the gold standard, demonstration of monosodium urate crystals in joint fluid or tophi. We then conducted quantitative analyses by extracting data from each study and calculating the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary receiver operating characteristic curves (sROCs) were constructed to obtain the Q*-index and the area under the curve (AUC).</p><p>Results</p><p>Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The diagnostic performances of three distinctive ultrasonographic features of gout, double contour sign (DCS), the presence of tophi and the snowstorm sign, were evaluated. For person-based evaluations, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, AUC and Q* were as follows: for the DCS, 66% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62%-69%), 92% (95% CI 90%-94%), 25.91 (95% CI 11.80–56.89), 0.8163 and 0.7503, respectively; for the presence of tophi, 56% (95% CI 52%-60%), 94% (95% CI 92%-96%), 21.11 (95% CI 7.84–56.89), 0.8928 and 0.8236, respectively; for the snowstorm sign, 31% (95% CI 27%-36%), 91% (95% CI 88%-93%), 4.54(95% CI 3.13–6.58), 0.5946 and 0.5712, respectively; and for simultaneous consideration of these ultrasonographic features, 80% (95% CI 76%-83%), 83% (95% CI 79%-86%), 19.03 (95% CI 13.97–25.93), 0.889 and 0.8197, respectively. For the joint-/location-based evaluations, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, AUC and Q* were as follows: for the DCS, 75% (95% CI 68%-80%), 65% (95% CI 59%-70%), 16.90 (95% CI 5.10–56.03), 0.871 and 0.8014, respectively; and for the presence of tophi, 48% (95% CI 40%-57%), 96% (95% CI 91%-99%), 30.20 (95% CI 9.23–98.87), 0.8776 and 0.8081, respectively.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In this meta-analysis, relatively high specificity but modest or low sensitivity were demonstrated in the diagnosis of gout using each of the three ultrasonographic features for person-based evaluations. Simultaneous consideration of these ultrasound findings may improve the diagnostic sensitivity. However, the double contour sign alone is weak in the differentiation of gout and non-gout for joint-/location-based evaluations. Further well-designed studies are still needed to support the current findings.</p></div

A flow chart summarizing the study selection process for this meta-analysis.

<p>A flow chart summarizing the study selection process for this meta-analysis.</p

Table_3_Single-cell RNA sequencing of CSF reveals neuroprotective RAC1+ NK cells in Parkinson’s disease.xlsx

Brain infiltration of the natural killer (NK) cells has been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a mouse model of α-synucleinopathy, it has been shown that NK cells help in clearing α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the brain infiltration of NK cells in PD. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using the anti-NKp46 antibody to detect NK cells in the brain of PD model mice. Next, we analyzed the publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (GSE141578) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD to characterize the CSF immune landscape in PD. Results showed that NK cells infiltrate the substantia nigra (SN) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model mice and colocalize with dopaminergic neurons and α-syn. Moreover, the ratio of NK cells was found to be increased in the CSF of PD patients. Analysis of the scRNA-seq data revealed that Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) was the most significantly upregulated gene in NK cells from PD patients. Furthermore, genes involved in regulating SN development were enriched in RAC1+ NK cells and these cells showed increased brain infiltration in MPTP-induced PD mice. In conclusion, NK cells actively home to the SN of PD model mice and RAC1 might be involved in regulating this process. Moreover, RAC1+ NK cells play a neuroprotective role in PD.</p

Subgroup analyses of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for gout.

<p>Subgroup analyses of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for gout.</p

Characteristics of included participants.

<p>Characteristics of included participants.</p