Theoretical calculations of the total and ionization cross sections for electron impacton some simple biomolecules

In this paper we report total cross sections TCS, QT, total elastic cross sections, Qel, and total ionization cross section, Qion for electron impact on water, formaldehyde, formic acid, and the formyl radical from circa 15 eV to 2 KeV. The results are compared where possible, with previous theoretical and experimental results and, in general, are found to be in good agreement. The total and elastic cross sections for HCHO, HCOOH, and CHO radical are reported

Toughness Performance of Recycled Aggregates for use in Road Pavement

Abstract The policy of driving organization such as Highways Agency is towards the use of performance related specifications. This policy and adoption of European wide aggregate standards on the one hand, and sustainable construction pressures on the other, all strongly emphasize on further need for more developments to specifications and performance assessment methodologies instead of creating barriers to the use of suitable materials. Performance related specifications for pavement foundations are being developed and are primarily based around in-situ control and compliance testing. Laboratory based tools for assessment of the performance of foundation materials and their durability under adverse conditions would be a key factor to the successful use of alternative materials. The toughness performance of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) mixed with natural aggregates (NA) was evaluated based on the test specifications given in the NCHRP Report 598. For this purpose Los Angeles Abrasion and degradation test results were correlated with established Micro-Deval designations in NCHRP report 598.Three main factors involved in performance assessment; i.e. (a) traffic loading, (b) moisture levels in highway pavements and (c) the temperature conditions. The research study showed that the materials were appropriate for unbound subbase for medium traffic in non freezing condition from the standpoint of toughness. Also they are suitable for low traffic situations with low moisture and freezing weather

Repair material properties for effective structural application

Strength and engineering properties of three generic repair materials which are likely to influence long-term performance of repaired concrete structures were studied. Measured properties include strength, stiffness, shrinkage and creep deformations, together with the complete compressive stress-strain characteristics including post-cracking behaviour. The repair materials considered in this investigation are commercially available and widely used. These included a high performance non-shrinkable concrete, a mineral based cementitious material with no additives or coarse aggregate size particles, and a cementitious mortar containing styrene acrylic copolymer with fibre additives. Performance comparisons are also made between these materials and plain concrete mixes of similar strength and stiffness, suitable for repair applications. The results show that shrinkage of the repair materials was significantly greater than the shrinkage of normal concrete. Moreover, the shrinkage of those modified with a polymer admixture was found to be very sensitive to the relative humidity of the exposure compared to normal concrete. The post-peak strain capacity of the material modified with a polymer admixture was markedly improved leading to a more pronounced falling branch of stress-strain curve. The ultimate stress level (at a maximum load) of specially formulated repair materials varies significantly, the lowest ultimate stress being recorded for the porous mineral-based material. The inclusion of aggregates improves the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of repair materials. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

Electron-impact total cross sections for inelastic processes for furan, tetrahydrofuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran

We report total inelastic, total ionisation and summed total excitation cross sections for electron scattering on furan, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran at energies between the ionisation threshold and 5 keV. We have employed the spherical complex optical potential formalism (SCOP) to calculate the total inelastic cross sections (Qinel) and have used complex scattering potential-ionisation contribution (CSP-ic) method to derive total ionisation cross sections (Qion) and summed total excitation cross sections (Qexc) from the calculated Qinel. We have also computed Qion for these molecules using binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) approach. We have compared our total cross sections (TCS) with available experimental as well as previous theoretical results and have found good agreement. The results are presented graphically as well as numerically

Theoretical electron impact elastic, ionization and total cross sections for silicon hydrides, SiH

In this article we report comprehensive calculations of total elastic (Qel), and total ionization cross sections, (Qion), on silicon hydrides SiHx (x = 1–4) and disilane, Si2H6 on electron impact at energies from circa threshold to 2000 eV and total (complete) cross sections (QT) up to 5 keV. Spherical complex optical potential (SCOP) formalism is employed to evaluate Qel and QT. Total ionization cross sections, Qion, are derived from total inelastic cross sections, Qinel, using our complex spherical potential – ionization contribution (CSP-ic) method. Dependence of QT on the dipole polarizability of the target and incident energy is presented for these targets through analytical formula, using which calculation of QT is extended up to 5 keV. Comparison of QT for all these targets is carried out to present a general theoretical picture of collision processes and also to visualize the dependence of QT on the total number of electrons in the target and hence on the geometrical size of the target. Present calculations also provide information on the excitation processes of these targets. Present results are compared with available experimental and other theoretical data wherever available and overall good agreement is observed. There is probably no data for total elastic and total (complete) cross sections for SiHx (x = 2-3) in the present energy range and hence reported for the first time