Antimicrobial susceptibility and toxicity test for crude extract of Terminalia Catappa

The extracts of leaves and bark for Terminalia catappa are being use as worldwide popular folk medicine or dietary additive supplement recently. This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of n-hexane, methanol extracts of the leaves of Terminalia CIlIapap obtained by successive soxhlet and liquid-liquid extraction. It was followed by prescreening of its antimicrobial activities by standardized antimicrobial susceptibility test by using agar diffusion method and further screening or examine its minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) after serial dilution. One way ANOV A and nonparameter Krusk:al-Wallis Test has been applied to examine possible differences of inhibition zone with different microorganisms used and different concentration of the crude extract used. The MIC values are predicted by using linear regression analysis in SPSS. Toxicity test could estimated the LCso values (SO-'"" ofnaupli Artemia salina in the experiment are expected to die or median lethal concentration) of different concentration of methanol extract to determine the essential concentration for its safety use as dietary supplemen

The Roles of IS Project Critical Success Factors: A Relevatory Case

Research in Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Enterprise Systems (ES) projects has identified numerous practitioner governance mechanisms for ensuring project success. However, such research has not developed a theory of why certain critical success factors encourage project success. Our research develops such theory on a case study where even though the levels of several critical success factors were weak, the project nevertheless succeeded. Specifically, the logistics ES project succeeded even though there was (1) only marginal top management support, (2) low key user commitment, and (3) change management, training and other critical aspects of user management and communication were not well done. Using a modified dialectical lens, we highlight that project team legitimacy appears to be the underlying CSF, and many heretofore identified CSFs are really manifestations of project team legitimacy

Managing Risks in a Failing IT Project: A Social Constructionist View

Why do IT projects continue to stumble, despite the proliferation of risk management methodologies and a growing body of knowledge on project risk assessment and mitigation? In this paper, we propose an alternative theoretical perspective that views project risk as a social construction process shaped by the risk accounts of social groups and actors within an implementation context. Risk management is embedded in the social processes where risks are negotiated and contested, with some risk accounts amplified and some attenuated. Through the analysis of a large IT implementation in an Asian logistics firm and its trajectory of successive crises, we examine the process of the social construction of risk. Our findings highlight the inherent fragmentation and the challenge of building collectiveness in risk construction, and the need for risk managers to consider the influence of broader social structures and the reshaping dynamism of sudden focusing events in managing complex IT projects