Implementation Of FPGA Based Encryption Chip Using VHD - Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithm

Cryptography has a long and fascinating history. Traditional Encryption Algorithms are implemented in software base because of the complexities involved in the operations. The hardware based of encryption chip become realizable with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). There are many researchers used Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithm to implement in FPGAs. The purpose of this project is to implement FPGA Base Encryption Chip using DES algorithm. Throughout the project, the suitability of the implementation DES algorithm in FPGA will be investigated. The first stage of this project is to understand the algorithm flow of the DES. In second stage, the system is described using Very High Speed Integrated Circuits hardware description language (VHDL). In third stage, compilation and simulation for source code verification purpose is done to yield the correct output by using Altera Quartus II 5.0 software. Result shows that DES algorithm can be implementing in Altera UP2 Board. The final product of this project is a FPGA DES Encryption Chip that is capable to encrypt or decrypt 64-bit blocks with 64-bit key. It has a simple architecture, high accuracy, high applicability and high speed. The maximum possible frequency can be used for the system is 29.33 MHz and the total of logic element used is only 708LE

Perceptions on clinical learning environment among Diploma Nursing students in Kubang Kerian Nursing College, Kelantan and School Of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia

The clinical learning environment (CLE) is a complex social entity that influences students’ learning in the clinical setting during clinical placement. Failure to provide relevant clinical experiences has ramifications not only on students but also for the nursing program and the profession. For nursing students, a poor clinical experience can lead to disillusionment about nursing and failure to integrate and learn during clinical placement. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate how diploma nursing students’ perceptions of their clinical learning environments after obtaining ethical approval from the USM ethics committees, the Dean of School of Health Sciences, USM and Director of Kubang Kerian Nursing College (KKNC), Kelantan. The nd and 3rd participants were 2' year diploma nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Programme in Kubang Kerian Nursing College (KKNC), Kelantan and School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Simple random sampling was used to select the sample. Participants were invited to complete the questionnaire: Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T). Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Of the 420 participants from both KKNC and USM, a total of 200 diploma nursing students (2nd and 3rd Year) participated in this study (n=200). Hundred diploma nursing students were from the KKNC (n=100) and hundred from USM (n—100). The study revealed that the participants were generally satisfied with their clinical placements. There was a good correlation between the three sub dimensions of CLES+T: correlation between the learning environment and the 0.548) and the correlation between the supervisory relationship and the role of nurse teacher (p<0.001, r= 0.578) that affect diploma nursing students' perceptions regarding their clinical learning environment. For the occurrence of supervision, the study indicated that overall there were nearly half (45.0%) of the students experienced group supervision relationship. The majority of the students (30.5%) had once or twice separate private unscheduled supervision during a week. This study found that there was a significant mean score difference between ethnicity and the diploma nursing students (KK.NC and USM) perceptions regarding their clinical learning environment (p=0.025). Malay nursing students were having better perceptions regarding CLE. The study highlights a need to provide a supportive and healthy clinical learning environment. A through understanding of nursing students' perceptions of their CLE by nursing authorities is important in improving the quality of CLE

Effects of Free Trade Areas in Trade Promotion: Gravity Model Approach

Tse, Yiu Kuen; Chor, Davin</p

Information Feedback and Learning in Construction Bidding

Information feedback condition in recurrent construction bidding is an important design variable about optimal procurement design. Contractors tend to optimize their bids in recurrent bidding with positive review of historic bids. Our experiment examines the effects of partial and no information feedback conditions on student (inexperienced) bidders&rsquo; bidding trends, and the extent to which their bidding trends agree with the behavioural patterns proposed by learning direction theory. The results show that the variations in bids over time for both information feedback conditions are statistically significant. Although the bidders with partial bidding feedback information are more likely to vary their bids as indicated by learning direction theory, their bids are less competitive than those with no bidding feedback information. Construction clients would need to consider the information feedback conditions in their procurement of construction services with the goal to achieve efficiency in construction bidding

Evaluation of engagement in learning within active learning classrooms: Does novelty make a difference?

This cross-sectional study examines students’ and faculty members’ perceptions on their use of active learning classrooms in a university in Singapore. The study targets students (398) and faculty (6) who use active learning classrooms - Applied and Collaborative learning Environment (ACE) rooms. It investigated whether novelty to the learning environment plays a part in the perceptions and experiences of the rooms, through the Active Learning Classroom (ALC) Survey. Results reveal that effective utilisation, room/course fit, student-centred activities in the ACE room all play major roles in increasing student engagement and learning; yet no difference in the first-time or repeated student-users’ experience

Viscoelastic Effects of Silicone Gels at the Micro- and Nanoscale

AbstractThere has been an increased use of silicone gel for applications such as cell traction force measurements as well as lab- and organ-on-chip systems. However, silicone gel is a viscoelastic material which tends to undergo non-elastic deformation and displays time-dependent and strain rate-dependent responses. Here, we evaluated the mechanical responses of two types of commonly used silicone gels, Sylgard-184 and CY52-276, when subjected to nanoNewton force and micrometer displacement length scales. Using different mechanical characterization tools and theoretical models, we characterized and quantified the viscoelastic parameters of these substrates. Our experimental results showed that silicone substrates with high stiffness and elasticity and negligible strain rate-dependency and creep responses will be most suited for use at the nanoNewton force and micrometer displacement length scales such as that encountered in cell traction force assays

Glocalizing creative hub concept for Malaysian creative city development: a conceptual review

The creative hub concept is gaining popularity globally as a tool within the creative economy to generate socio-economic and cultural values for societal and community development. Though the concept is nascent and the creative hub itself can be manifested in variegated forms, the notion is oftentimes linked to urban development particularly the way creative hubs are found to be subsumed and contribute towards the growth of creative industries en route the formation of a creative city. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to explore the creative hub concept and the way this global concept it is being understood, adopted and adapted locally amidst Malaysian local nuances. Based on secondary data sources, a systematic literature review was conducted to review global definitions, concepts, examples and illustrate how creative hubs are linked to creative city development and sustainable urban development. Literature review based on similar themes for the Malaysian context showed that the creative hub concept is also variegated, and each hub is shaped by the initiators, funding model and formation purpose of either commercial, social or culture and artistic. The paper concludes that reconceptualization of Malaysian creative hubs is timely and apt by taking into consideration also elements like location, culture-specificity and the influence of ICT as the creative hub concept, its form and operations morph and navigate in response to the current global COVID-19 pandemic. The implications that derive from this study will have conceptual, practical and policy implications when adopting and adapting the creative hub concept for the Malaysian context

Urban Conservation as a Development Strategy to Revitalize Real Estate Market: An Analysis of Property Transactions in Georgetown Penang

Penang is well known for its heritage character especially in the city of Georgetown with more than 200 years of urban history. To retain its heritage character, the state and local governments have implemented various conservation policies and identified a heritage zone in the inner city of Georgetown. In many parts of the world, designation as a heritage property would have increased a property's value and this is one of the reasons put forward for urban conservation in Georgetown but so far no analysis have been presented to support this claim. We developed an all-encompassing model to evaluate the effects of conservation related policies on the heritage property market. In this paper, we focus the analysis on data from property transactions and price to analyse and identify property trends in Georgetown from the year 1974 to 2004. The analysis is presented within the framework of public policy and intervention strategies, socio-economic and political changes. Our analysis of the transaction data and price trends shows that urban conservation has a potential to be a viable real estate development strategy for Georgetown. Even with conservation policies in place, the demand for old buildings in the conservation zones has not diminished but has shown relatively high transaction counts and high price of heritage properties

Save Environment by Replace Plastic, The Case of PepsiCola

Pepsi-Cola is one of the largest multinational food and beverage brand in the world. In 1902 Pepsi-Cola Company was founded in the United State. It has continuously developed during the past 118 years. Our Report is about replacing Plastic bottle to Reusable Plastic to develop and change the company product to be better. The issue of environmental pollution especially plastic pollution is becoming serious; it is damaging the ecological environment. This had triggered the attention of organization on the environment and some of them take their responsibility to work hard on sustainability a strong environmental profile