The Design of Computer Interfaces Adaptive to Human Emotion: Current Issues and Research Directions

Despite the rapid advancement of computer technology, computers remain incapable of understanding human emotion. As a result, users have often been unaided for their aversive emotion that may take place during their computer tasks. This may be detrimental to positive and productive interactions between users and computers. This paper reviews some empirical studies regarding the effect of emotion on computer work and conceptualizes what constitutes an emotional computer. It is proposed that the emotional computer be designed to understand human emotion and adapt its interface accordingly. This paper raises a number of research questions in relation to such issues as measurement (e.g., automatic detection of human emotion, time delay), signal processing (e.g., accuracy) and user interfaces (e.g., ways to alleviate the intensity of negative emotion). Considering that there has been very little research on the design and aftermath of emotional computers, further studies are urgently needed

Physiological Parameters Useful to Interface with Computers to Respond to Two Dimensional Emotions

Computers may be designed to regularly observe one’s emotion and respond intelligently to his/ her negative emotion such as stress, fatigue, boredom, and etc. This certainly requires quantification of human emotion and this study aims to find out the parameters that may be useful to differentiate one’s emotion. In this study, human emotion was artificially induced by having 26 undergraduate students exposed to four different types of emotion-evoking sounds and smells. Then the participants were asked to rate subjectively their emotion that was later categorized into one of the four quadrants made up by pleasantness vs. unpleasantness and arousal vs. relaxation. Physiological changes in EEG (F3, F4, P3, and P4), EDA, ECG and skin temperature were recorded and analyzed to differentiate among two dimensional emotions. As a result, a number of physiological measures were found in this study to successfully classify two dimensional emotions

A comparative study of the use of executive information systems between Korea and the United States

Since their conception, EIS have been developed and adopted in many firms. The importance of EIS is now increasing with the need of accessing data from many sources under the high-velocity environment. Although many of the Korean firms are now in the process of introducing EIS with the faster growing economy, most research has been conducted on the use of EIS in Western firms. This study aims to explore the current state of EIS usage in Korean firms and make a comparison with that of the United States. Based upon Watson et al. (1992), a questionnaire instrument was constructed. The questionnaires were distributed to 136 Korean companies that were reported to use EIS and 50 of the questionnaires returned. We found that there were many differences in the use of EIS between Korea and the United States. This was mainly due to the fact that the use of EIS in Korea was at a very early stage and executives in Korea did not realize and/or understand the benefits from the use of EIS yet

Effect of Bagging on Shiranuhi Mandarin Fruit Quality during Growth and Storage

Soluble solids content and acidity are major determinants of fruit taste in citrus. It has been observed that fruit from top-grafted trees retain higher acidity than on-root stock in lsquoShiranuhirsquo mandarin [(C. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata]. In order to identify cultural practices that affect acidity in lsquoShiranuhirsquo mandarin, we tested the effect of cover (fruit bagging) on fruit quality(size soluble solids acidity) from 50 days after anthesis, to 90 days postharvest in 7-8 year-old lsquoShiranuhirsquo mandarin trees secondary grafted onto satsuma mandarin scaffolds on trifoliate orange rootstocks. Transverse diameter and longitudinal length were smallest in fruit covered with the black printed paper. No differences were observed between treatments in soluble solids content, but acidity in fruit juice was higher in non-bagged controls from 95 days after anthesis to 90 days postharvest. Citric and Malic acid content was highest in the control at 125 days after anthesis. Mean temperature was 0.3-0.7#8451 higher than ambient in fruit bags during fruit maturation. These results suggest higher temperature during growth and ripening may be responsible for lowered acidity in bagged lsquoShiranuhirsquo mandarin fruit