erbBGenes in the Mouse Uterus: Cell-Specific Signaling by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Family of Growth Factors during Implantation

AbstractWe previously described spatiotemporal expression of various epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands and receptor subtypes, ErbB1 and ErbB2, during the peri-implantation period. To better understand the roles of these ligands and their possible signaling schemes in implantation, it is important to define the status of all the ligands and receptor subtypes in the uterus/embryo. No information is available about uterine and embryonic status of ErbB3 or ErbB4 during implantation. We cloned mouseerbB3anderbB4cDNAs and examined their expression and bioactivity in the peri-implantation uterus (days 1–8). TwoerbB3(cytoplasmic and extracellular) and threeerbB4(two cytoplasmic and one extracellular) clones were generated. Both forms of theerbB3clone showed similar transcript profiles, while different transcript profiles were obtained witherbB4clones. The steady-state levels oferbB3anderbB4mRNAs in whole uterine poly(A)+RNA samples showed little changes during the peri-implantation period, while their unique cell-specific accumulation was noted.erbB3is predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells, although decidual and embryonic cells also accumulate this mRNA. In contrast, theerbB4mRNA is primarily expressed in the submyometrial stroma and myometrial connective tissues during this period. Additionally, the extracellular form of theerbB4clone detected signals in a subpopulation of stromal cells. Autophosphorylation and immunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that uterine ErbB3 and ErbB4 are biologically active. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of possible ligand–receptor signaling schemes for EGF-like ligands in implantation

Influences of characteristics, personalities and interpersonal factors on the appropriateness dicisions of address-terms in the Korean workplace

本研究は,韓国の職場でのコミュニケーションにおける呼称選択にどのような規範意識が働いているか,規範意識の形成に個人の属性,対人関係特性,性格特性がどう関係しているかを調査研究したものである.韓国語の呼称体系では,目上の人を名前だけでは呼びにくく,親族名称や地位・役職名で呼びかけるのが一般的である.本研究では,上司を「姓・姓名+役職名+nim」と呼ぶことの適切性が高いが,公式の場で上司を「姓名+ssi(氏)」と呼ぶことにも決して否定的ではないことがわかった.対人関係および性格特性については,条件によって多様な影響関係がみられた.例えば,目上の人に対して「地位・役職名」や「親族名称」を用いることについては,他者に対して気遣いをする人が適切であると判断する傾向がみられた.また,目上に対して公式の場で名前を使用することについては,調和性のない傾向の人が適切であると判断していた.しかし,全体的にみると,本研究で採用した対人関係尺度および性格特性尺度は,重回帰分析で職場での呼称使用の適切性を決める有意な予測変数であっても,その決定係数(R2)の値は低かった.このことは,言語的特徴である呼称使用について,これらの変数があくまで間接的な要因であることを示唆している

Entropy and Redundancy of Japanese Lexical and Syntactic Compound Verbs

The present study investigated Japanese lexical and syntactic compound verbs (V1+V2) using Shannon's concept of entropy and redundancy calculated using corpora from the Mainichi Newspaper and a collection of selected novels. Comparing combinations of a V2 verb with various V1 verbs, syntactic compounds were higher in entropy than lexical ones while neither differed in redundancy. This result suggests that V2 verbs of syntactic compounds are likely to combine with a wider range of V1 verbs than those of lexical compounds. Two exceptional V2 verbs, komu and ageru, both of which create lexical compounds, showed a wide variety of combinations with V1 and therefore act like prefixes in English. Comparing V2 verbs in the two corpora, the V2 eru, which adds the meaning of "possibility" to a V1, functions like the auxiliary verb "can" in English and seems to be a favored expression in newspapers. In contrast, the V2 komu, adds the meaning of "internal movement" similar to the preposition "into" in English and appears to be preferred in the novels to enrich the expression of lexical compounds. In general, both lexical and syntactic compounds were used similarly in both corpora

Effect of the Adapted NASA Mission X International Child Fitness Program on Young Children and their Parents in South Korea

Obesity has become a global epidemic. Childhood obesity is global public health concern including in South Korea where 16.2% of boys and 9.9% of girls are overweight or obese in 2011. Effective and sustainable intervention programs are needed for prevention of childhood obesity. Obesity prevention programs for young children may have a greater intervention effect than in older children. The NASA Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut (MX) program was developed to promote children's exercise and healthy eating by tapping into their excitement for training like an astronaut. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the adapted NASA MX intervention in promoting PA in young children and in improving parents' related perspectives

Priority Information Used for the Processing of Japanese Sentences: Thematic Roles, Case Particles or Grammatical Functions?

The present study investigated scrambling effects on the processing of Japanese sentences and priority information used among thematic roles, case particles and grammatical functions. Reaction times for correct sentence decisions were significantly prolonged for scrambled active sentences with transitive verbs in the first experiment and with ditransitive verbs in the second experiment. Errors were made with scrambled sentences more than canonical sentences in both experiments, which suggested that scrambling effects were apparent in active sentences. Passive sentences in the third experiment indicated that canonical order defined based on case particles, not thematic roles, was more quickly and accurately identified than scrambled order. Potential sentences in the fourth experiment and causative sentences in the fifth experiment indicated that the processing of scrambled sentences based on grammatical functions, but not on case particles, required longer reaction times and resulted in higher error rates than canonical sentences. Consequently, scrambling effects in the present study indicated that neither thematic roles nor case particles can provide fully-satisfactory information for canonical phrase order, and that only grammatical functions offer satisfactory information in all types of sentences

Towards High-quality prostate MRI: Frequency and reasons for repeated and extra sequences in prostate MRI examinations

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1152/thumbnail.jp

A Case of a Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation With Ebstein's Anomaly

A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare pulmonary vascular anomaly presenting as dyspnea or recurrent epistaxis. Ebstein's anomaly (EA), a congenital cardiac malformation, is also a rare condition. There have been no reports concerning the co-existence of PAVM with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and EA. A 40-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-month history of increasing dyspnea and several years of recurrent epistaxis. On transthoracic echocardiography, she was diagnosed with EA and agreed to undergo surgical treatment. A chest CT angiography showed a 12-mm serpiginous vascular structure suspicious for a PAVM and a liver CT suggested HTT. Although it is unclear whether or not a concurrent PAVM and EA have an embryologic or genetic relationship, we report a case of a PAVM with EA. Further genetic and embryonic studies are needed to identify a possible relationship of the two medical conditions