Skin exposure to sunlight: a factor modulating the human gut microbiome composition

Background: The gut microbiome has been increasingly acknowledged as playing a pivotal role in human health. Therefore, a number of studies have focused on variables that impact its microbial structure and consequent functionality. A wide range of factors, such as diet, age, sex, life stage, behavior, ethnicity, and diseases have been considered, and strong links were set out. However, some aspects regarding the microbiome determinants are still under-explored. Discussion: Recently, Bosman et al. presented evidence that skin exposure to narrowband UVB light modulated the gut microbiome of a specific human cohort. This cohort presented an increase of biodiversity, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and a decrease of Bacteroidetes. Based on these findings, we revisited our data on a hunter-gatherer gut microbiome (Yanomami) and identified similarities in the gut microbiome of these two cohorts. Both presented a high abundance of Proteobacteria, which had been observed as a unique feature in the Yanomami gut microbiome, and based on Bosman et al study, could be associated with their natural sunlight exposure. Conclusion: In this commentary, we would like to point out that the human lifestyle concerning sunlight exposure should be considered as one force modulating the gut microbiome, highlighting, as proposed by Bosman et al, a novel skin-gut axis which is associated with health and disease

Phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus among travelers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014-2015

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-09T13:31:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liliane_conteville_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 568871 bytes, checksum: c36717db94d80f916bb086813b9efd0e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-09T13:42:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 liliane_conteville_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 568871 bytes, checksum: c36717db94d80f916bb086813b9efd0e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T13:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 liliane_conteville_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 568871 bytes, checksum: c36717db94d80f916bb086813b9efd0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that emerged in Brazil by late 2014. In the country, two CHIKV foci characterized by the East/Central/South Africa and Asian genotypes, were established in North and Northeast regions. We characterized, by phylogenetic analyses of full and partial genomes, CHIKV from Rio de Janeiro state (2014-2015). These CHIKV strains belong to the Asian genotype, which is the determinant of the current Northern Brazilian focus, even though the genome sequence presents particular single nucleotide variations. This study provides the first genetic characterisation of CHIKV in Rio de Janeiro and highlights the potential impact of human mobility in the spread of an arthropod-borne virus