Morfologi gigi : penuntun bergambar

xi, 151 hlm. : ilus. ; tab. ; 21,5 c

Left atrial size and contractile function in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease

ABSTRACT: In humans, left atrial enlargement and reduced contractile functions are associated with adverse cardiovascular events and a poor prognosis in many dilatation of the left atrium occurs with the gradual evolution of chronic mitral valve disease and is well diseases. The left atrium is the most compromised cardiac chamber in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the main parameters of left atrial enlargement (left atrium/aorta ratio, left atrial diameter and volume indices) and contractile function (transmitral flow peak velocity A wave and time velocity integral, atrial fraction, and atrial ejection force) at different stages of valve disease, and correlate the left atrial diameter, volume, and contractile function indices with echocardiographic variables predictive of heart failure in dogs (transmitral flow peak velocity E wave, E wave/IVRT ratio, E wave/E´wave ratio, and E wave/A wave ratio). The results showed that progressive characterized by the left atrium/aorta ratio and left atrium volume index. The left atrial diameter and volume indices and left atrium/aorta ratio correlated positively with the transmitral flow peak velocity E wave and E wave/IVRT ratio, which are important indices of diastolic function. The left atrial contractile function indices increased as CMVD evolved. Except for the atrial fraction, the left atrial contractile function indices correlated with the left ventricular filling pressure indices

Avaliação dos fluxos das valvas aórtica e pulmonar com ecocardiografia Doppler pulsátil em cães clinicamente sadios Evaluation of aortic and pulmonary valves flow with pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography in healthy dogs

Avaliaram-se com Doppler pulsátil os fluxos das valvas aórtica (AO) e pulmonar (Pul) por meio de análise qualitativa (presença de regurgitações valvares e características do espectro avaliado) e quantitativa, com obtenção de parâmetros ecocardiográficos como velocidades máxima (V. Max.) e média (V. Me.), integral de velocidade (VTI), tempo de aceleração (TA) e ejeção (TE), de 30 cães considerados clinicamente sadios por meio de exames físico, laboratoriais, eletrocardiográfico, ecocardiográfico (modos uni e bidimensional), radiográfico de tórax e mensuração da pressão arterial sistêmica. Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados para os referidos parâmetros: V.max. AO= 1,22± 19,38m/s; V. Me. AO= 0,72± 0,08m/s; VTI AO= 0,14± 0,02m; TA AO= 38,80± 11,29ms; TE AO= 197,90± 24,77ms; V. Max. Pul= 0,95± 0,18m/s; V. Me. Pul= 0,63± 0,10m/s; VTI Pul= 0,13± 0,02m; TA Pul= 70,97± 18,87ms; TE Pul= 203,70± 28,98ms. Em apenas três animais observou-se regurgitação pulmonar. Alguns parâmetros apresentaram correlação negativa com a variável freqüência cardíaca (VTI AO, TE AO, VTI Pul, TA Pul, TE Pul); outros correlação positiva com a variável peso (VTI AO, TA AO, TE AO, VTI Pul, TE Pul,) e não se observou influência da variável sexo na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Na comparação entre os dois fluxos, observaram-se V. Max. AO e V. Me. AO maiores que V. Max. Pul. e V. Me. Pul., respectivamente, VTI AO maior que VTI Pul, e TA AO menor que TA Pul.<br>This study evaluated aortic (AO) and pulmonary (Pul) valves flow with pulsed-wave Doppler by qualitative (presence of valvar insufficiency and characteristic of flow profile) and quantitative analysis, and the following echocardiographic parameters were obtained: peak (PV) and mean (MV) velocities, velocity-time integral (VTI), acceleration (AT) and ejection (ET) time. Thirty dogs were studied, and to be considered normal, physical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic (uni and bidimensional mode) exams, thoracic radiography, and measurement of the blood pressure were accomplished, and the following echocardiographic parameters were obtained: AO PV= 1.22± 19.38m/s; AO MV= 0.72± 0.08m/s; AO VTI= 0.14± 0.02m; AO AT= 38.80± 11.29ms; AO ET= 197.90± 24.77ms; Pul PV= 0.95± 0.18m/s; Pul MV= 0.63± 0.10m/s; Pul VTI= 0.13± 0.02m; Pul AT= 70.97± 18.87ms; Pul ET= 203.70± 28.98ms. Heart rate presented negative correlation with AO VTI, AO ET, Pul VTI, Pul AT, Pul ET, and the variable weight had positive correlation with AO VTI, AO AT, AO ET, Pul VTI, Pul ET, differently from the gender, that had no influence on the evaluated parameters. The comparison of aortic and pulmonary valves flow demonstrated AO PV and AO MV higher than Pul PV and Pul MV, respectively, AO VTI higher than Pul VTI, and Pul AT higher than AO AT