Table_1_Contribution of GalU to biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic and serum resistance, and pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium.docx

IntroductionSalmonella Typhimurium is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in China, resulting in major epidemics and economic losses in recent years. Uridine diphosphate–glucose pyrophosphorylase galU plays an important role in thebiosynthesis of the bacterial envelope. Herein, we evaluated the role of galU in S. Typhimurium infection in chicken. MethodsA galU gene mutant was successfully constructed by red homologous recombination technology, and biological characteristics were studied.ResultsThe galU mutant strain had a rough phenotype;was defective in biofilm formation, autoagglutination, and motility; exhibited greater sensitivity to most antibiotics, serum, and egg albumen; and had lowercapacity for adhesion to chicken embryo fibroblasts cell line (DF-1). The galU mutant showed dramatically attenuated pathogenicity in chicken embryos (100,000-fold), BALB/c mice (420-fold), and chicks (100-fold).DiscussionThe results imply that galU is an important virulence factor in the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium, and it may serve a target for the development of veterinary drugs, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of S. Typhimurium.</p

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Chiral Poly(ionic liquid) with Nonconjugated Backbone as a Fluorescent Enantioselective Sensor for Phenylalaninol and Tryptophan

Here, a novel fluorescent chiral poly­(ionic liquid) (<i>S</i>)-PCIL-4 with nonconjugated backbone is designed and synthesized in the control of micelle through free-radical polymerization, whose fluorescence emission maximum is at λ_em,max = 430 nm. It is observed that polymers with spatially proximate units (phenyl group and pyridinium cation) have photoluminescence through spatial π–π and ion−π interaction. Then, (<i>S</i>)-PCIL-4 can be served as a fluorescent turn off/on sensor for chiral recognition of phenylalaninol and tryptophan in the presence of Cu­(II). For example, when (<i>S</i>)-PCIL-4–Cu­(II) is treated with (<i>R</i>/<i>S</i>)-phenylalaninol, it will exhibit different fluorescence responses. Values of the enantiomeric fluorescence difference ratio for phenylalaninol and tryptophan are 1.10 and 1.08, respectively. In brief, we believe that the approach opens up a possible pathway to prepare a variety of fluorescent polymers with nonconjugated backbone and proves to be desirable in further application

Quantification of Serum High Mobility Group Box 1 by Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Its Role in Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone chromosomal protein, which can be secreted through a variety of pathways and bind to pattern recognition receptors to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have suggested that HMGB1 is upregulated in numerous inflammatory diseases and that it could be a biomarker for such diseases. However, these studies used immunoassay-based methods to analyze serum HMGB1. Autoantibodies to HMGB1 in serum are found in healthy control subjects as well as in patients with different diseases. HMGB1 also binds to haptoglobin, a highly abundant plasma protein. This means that antibodies used in immunoassays must compete with binding of HMGB1 to endogenous serum HMGB1 autoantibodies and haptoglobin. To overcome these potential problems, we developed and validated a specific and sensitive assay based on stable isotope dilution and immunopurification to quantify HMGB1 in plasma and serum using two-dimensional nano-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Using this assay, we found that serum HMGB1 in 24 healthy control subjects (6.0 ± 2.1 ng/mL) was above the mean concentration reported for 18 different diseases (5.4 ± 2.8 ng/mL) where the analyses were conducted with immunoassay methodology. In light of our finding, the role of HMGB1 in these diseases will have to be re-evaluated. The concentration of HMGB1 in citrated and EDTA-treated plasma from the same healthy control subjects was below the limit of detection of our assay (1 ng/mL), confirming that HMGB1 in serum arises when blood is allowed to clot. This means that future studies on the role of HMGB1 in vivo should be conducted on plasma rather than serum

Operative procedure for the seed implantation into the tumor: (a) the mouse was given a implantation of seed by tweezers; (b) the seed was implanted into the tumor.

<p>Operative procedure for the seed implantation into the tumor: (a) the mouse was given a implantation of seed by tweezers; (b) the seed was implanted into the tumor.</p

The radioactivity and radionuclide utilization ratio comparison of s-¹²⁵I Seeds and t-¹²⁵I Seeds.

<p>The radioactivity and radionuclide utilization ratio comparison of s-¹²⁵I Seeds and t-¹²⁵I Seeds.</p

Evaluation of the in vitro anti-tumour effects of ¹²⁵I seeds.

<p>(a) and (b)apoptotic progression in FRH-0201 cell lines in response to the titanium ¹²⁵I seeds and silicone ¹²⁵I seeds treatment for 2Gy and 4Gy; (c) cell FACS distributions (%) of apoptotic cells in different groups. Quadrant Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 reflect necrosis, late apoptosis, alive and early apoptosis, respectively.Total apoptosis includes late apoptosis plus early apoptosis. There was not significance between titanium ¹²⁵I seeds and silicone ¹²⁵I seeds groups. * P <0.05 means 4Gy compared with the 2 Gy groups respectively.</p

Novel Silicone-Coated ¹²⁵I Seeds for the Treatment of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - Fig 3

<p>A.The irradiation model was placed in the incubator. B. Eight ¹²⁵I seeds were fixed on the dish around the 35 mm diameter circumference, with one ¹²⁵I seed placed at the center of dish. C. A 35mm culture dish was placed on the top of the irradiation model.</p

20 groups datas of silicone ¹²⁵I seeds and titanium ¹²⁵I seeds.

<p>20 groups datas of silicone ¹²⁵I seeds and titanium ¹²⁵I seeds.</p

Diagrams illustrating the experimental design: (a) coaxial electrospinning device, silver-silicone with ¹²⁵I in syringe1, another silicone in syringe2 as the shell, the jets forming the core—shell structure; (b) the principle diagram of seeds, the outside layer is the silicone coating the ¹²⁵I solution inside(c,d) the anti-tumor effect of the silicone was examined in vitro and in vivo using human cell line FRH-0201 and tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice.

<p>Diagrams illustrating the experimental design: (a) coaxial electrospinning device, silver-silicone with ¹²⁵I in syringe1, another silicone in syringe2 as the shell, the jets forming the core—shell structure; (b) the principle diagram of seeds, the outside layer is the silicone coating the ¹²⁵I solution inside(c,d) the anti-tumor effect of the silicone was examined in vitro and in vivo using human cell line FRH-0201 and tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice.</p