Intramolecular Aminoalkoxylation of Unfunctionalized Olefins via Intramolecular Iodoamination and Aziridinium Ion Ring-Opening Sequence

The preparation of prolinol ether type compounds was realized via MnI₂-catalyzed intramolecular iodoamination of unfunctionalized olefins and subsequent ring opening of an aziridinium ion intermediate with alcohols/phenols. In the presence of a catalytic amount of MnI₂ and 2 equiv of NaI, intramolecular aminoalkoxylation of different <i>N</i>-benzyl-5-methylhex-4-en-1-amine substrates proceeded readily in alcoholic solvents, leading to 2-(alkoxyalkyl)­pyrrolidine products in up to 90% isolated yields

Graphene Fluorescence Switch-Based Cooperative Amplification: A Sensitive and Accurate Method to Detection MicroRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in a diverse range of biological progress and have been regarded as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Sensitive and accurate detection of miRNAs is crucial for better understanding their roles in cancer cells and further validating their function in clinical diagnosis. Here, we developed a stable, sensitive, and specific miRNAs detection method on the basis of cooperative amplification combining with the graphene oxide (GO) fluorescence switch-based circular exponential amplification and the multimolecules labeling of SYBR Green I (SG). First, the target miRNA is adsorbed on the surface of GO, which can protect the miRNA from enzyme digest. Next, the miRNA hybridizes with a partial hairpin probe and then acts as a primer to initiate a strand displacement reaction to form a complete duplex. Finally, under the action of nicking enzyme, universal DNA fragments are released and used as triggers to initiate next reaction cycle, constituting a new circular exponential amplification. In the proposed strategy, a small amount of target miRNA can be converted to a large number of stable DNA triggers, leading to a remarkable amplification for the target. Moreover, compared with labeling with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, multimolecules binding of intercalating dye SG to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can induce significant enhancement of fluorescence signal and further improve the detection sensitivity. The extraordinary fluorescence quenching of GO used here guarantees the high signal-to-noise ratio. Due to the protection for target miRNA by GO, the cooperative amplification, and low fluorescence background, sensitive and accurate detection of miRNAs has been achieved. The strategy proposed here will offer a new approach for reliable quantification of miRNAs in medical research and early clinical diagnostics

Mn(OAc)₃‑Mediated Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using CF₃SO₂Na as the Trifluoromethyl Source

A simple and efficient method for hydrotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes was reported. The reaction relied on the single electron oxidation of a commercially available sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF₃SO₂Na, Langlois’ reagent) using Mn­(OAc)₃·2H₂O as the oxidant and the subsequent addition of trifluoromethyl radical to CC double bonds. The reaction proceeded readily under mild conditions with good tolerance of a variety of functional groups in the substrates. The preliminary reaction mechanism was studied with deuteration, radical clock, and TEMPO inhibition experiments

Mn(OAc)₃‑Mediated Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using CF₃SO₂Na as the Trifluoromethyl Source

A simple and efficient method for hydrotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes was reported. The reaction relied on the single electron oxidation of a commercially available sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF₃SO₂Na, Langlois’ reagent) using Mn­(OAc)₃·2H₂O as the oxidant and the subsequent addition of trifluoromethyl radical to CC double bonds. The reaction proceeded readily under mild conditions with good tolerance of a variety of functional groups in the substrates. The preliminary reaction mechanism was studied with deuteration, radical clock, and TEMPO inhibition experiments

Table_1_Overdominant expression of genes plays a key role in root growth of tobacco hybrids.xls

Heterosis has greatly improved the yield and quality of crops. However, previous studies often focused on improving the yield and quality of the shoot system, while research on the root system was neglected. We determined the root numbers of 12 F1 hybrids, all of which showed strong heterosis, indicating that tobacco F1 hybrids have general heterosis. To understand its molecular mechanism, we selected two hybrids with strong heterosis, GJ (G70 × Jiucaiping No.2) and KJ (K326 × Jiucaiping No.2), and their parents for transcriptome analysis. There were 84.22% and 90.25% of the differentially expressed genes were overdominantly expressed. The enrichment analysis of these overdominantly expressed genes showed that “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “MAPK signaling pathway - plant”, and “Starch and sucrose metabolism” pathways were associated with root development. We focused on the analysis of the biosynthetic pathways of auxin(AUX), cytokinins(CTK), abscisic acid(ABA), ethylene(ET), and salicylic acid(SA), suggesting that overdominant expression of these hormone signaling pathway genes may enhance root development in hybrids. In addition, Nitab4.5_0011528g0020、Nitab4.5_0003282g0020、Nitab4.5_0004384g0070 may be the genes involved in root growth. Genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis enhanced our understanding of the regulatory network of tobacco root development and provided new ideas for studying the molecular mechanisms of tobacco root development.</p

Effects of VK2 on LPS-induced inflammation.

(A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6 and (C) IL-10 were measured with ELISA in mouse serum. (D) The protein expression levels of TLR4, p-P38 MAPK, and P38 MAPK were evaluated by western blotting. (E, F) Quantitative analysis of TLR4 and the ratio of p-P38/P38 normalized with GAPDH were performed using Image J software. (G) The protein expression levels of iNOS and IL-6 were evaluated by western blotting. (H, I) Quantitative analysis of iNOS and IL-6 normalized with GAPDH. Values represent means ± SEM, *p p p p < 0.0001.</p

VK2 attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury.

(A) Mice were pre-administered intragastrically solvent or VK2 (0.2 and 15 mg/kg respectively) and subsequent intraperitoneal injection of LPS (7 mg/kg). (B) Histological analysis of lung tissue sections by HE staining (original multiples: 200 ×, scale = 75 μm). (C) Lung tissue injury was assessed by histological scores in all groups. (D) Determination of the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung homogenates. Values represent means ± SEM, *p p p p < 0.0001.</p

Schematic representation of VK2 action on LPS-induced ALI.

Schematic representation of VK2 action on LPS-induced ALI.</p

Role of VK2 in ferroptosis during LPS-mediated injury.

(A) GSH, (B) MDA, and (C) Total iron levels in lung tissues. (D) GPX4 and HO-1 protein expression were measured by western blotting. (E, F) Quantitative analysis of GPX4 and HO-1 normalized with GAPDH were performed using Image J software. Values represent means ± SEM, *p p p p < 0.0001.</p

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Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that has received considerable critical attention in the field of intensive care. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of vitamin K2 (VK2) in ALI. Intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg/kg LPS was used to induce ALI in mice, and VK2 injection was intragastrically administered with the dose of 0.2 and 15 mg/kg. We found that VK2 improved the pulmonary pathology, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and boosted the level of IL-10 of mice with ALI. Moreover, VK2 played a significant part in apoptosis by downregulating and upregulating Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expressions, respectively. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 inhibited P38 MAPK signaling. Our results also showed that VK2 inhibited ferroptosis, which manifested by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron levels, increasing glutathione (GSH) level, and upregulated and downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions, respectively. In addition, VK2 also inhibited elastin degradation by reducing levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (uc-MGP) and desmosine (DES). Overall, VK2 robustly alleviated ALI by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and elastin degradation, making it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for ALI.</div