Effects of various administrations on mortality and arrhythmias on ischemia–reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats.

<p>Data are the mean ± SD. Values marked with ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 are significantly different from I/R. Values marked with * <i>P</i><0.05 or ** <i>P</i><0.01 are significantly different from metoprolol.</p

Effects of various administrations upon hemodynamics in a model of ischemia–reperfusion in rats.

<p>Data are the mean ± SD. Values marked with ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 are significantly different from I/R. Values marked with * <i>P</i><0.05 or ** <i>P</i><0.01 are significantly different from metoprolol. Values marked with ^†<i>P</i><0.05 or ^‡<i>P</i><0.01 are significantly different from baseline. LVSP, LVEDP and ± d<i>p</i>/dt_max represent left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and the maximal rates of increase and decrease in LV pressure, respectively.</p

Activity of caspase-3 in the myocardial tissues of rats of various groups.

<p>Traces of the mean values (± SD, vertical lines). ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> I/R, ^**<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> metoprolol.</p

Infarct size in rats of various groups subjected to I/R injury.

<p>Representative illustrations of infarct size as stained by Evans Blue and TTC (A). Bar graphs show AAR as a percentage of the LV (B) and An as a percentage of the AAR (C). Traces of the mean values (± SD, vertical lines). ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> I/R, ^**<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> metoprolol.</p

Percentages of positive nuclei in the myocardial tissues of various groups.

<p>(A) Representative photomicrographs of <i>in situ</i> detection of DNA fragments from sham-operated rats or rats with different pretreatments subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Arrowheads indicate positive nuclei for TUNEL staining (magnification, ×250). (B) Bar graph shows the percentages of TUNEL-positive nuclei in sham, I/R and treated groups. Traces of the mean values (± SD, vertical lines). ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> I/R, ^**<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> metoprolol. Scale bar, 40 µm.</p

Gp91<i>^phox</i> mRNA level was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR on extracted total RNA.

<p>Threshold cycles (Ct values) were normalized to their corresponding GAPDH mRNA and the comparative mRNA levels determined by the ΔΔCt method. Traces of the mean values (± SD, vertical lines). ^&&<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs</i> I/R.</p