Outcome validation report: CCAFS engagement in the Global Commission on Adaptation

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) was launched in October 2018 to accelerate adaptation action and support by elevating the political visibility of adaptation and focusing on concrete solutions to the climate crisis. It is led by Ban Ki-moon, 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, and Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It is convened by 17 countries and guided by 30 Commissioners, and co-managed by the Global Center on Adaptation and World Resources Institute. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) has been heavily involved in the work of the GCA. This outcome validation report focuses on how CCAFS has been involved in the GCA processes, focusing on contributions made in 2019

Crescent and electoral strength: Islamic party portrait of reform era in Indonesia

The establishment of Islamic political parties in the reform era in Indonesia after the fall of Suharto (1998), considered as resurgence of political stream. There are several factors that led to the revival of Islamic parties after the New Order, the theological factor, historical, sociological, and reform factor. The presence of Islamic political parties after the New Order was apparently diverse and fragmented. In the political elite of Islam itself in establishing a political party based on Islam and there is also based on nationality, and in establishing political party was using substantially approach and there is also that use formalistic approach. In the reform era elections, political Islam has failed, in which Islamic parties do not receive optimal support from voters Islam. The failure of Islamic parties in election of reform era is caused of factor among Muslims has been change the orientation of political views. Islamic parties in the reform era stuck in a political myth quantity, and Islamic parties are also fragmented and fractured in to small forces

Entry-exit, learning, and productivity change : evidence from Chile

This paper applies econometric techniques from the efficiency frontiers literature and the panel data literature to construct plant-specific time-variant technical efficiency indices for surviving, exiting, and entering cohorts. These are then used to compare productivity growth rates across plant cohorts and to examine the net effect of plant turnover and learning patterns on manufacturing-wide productivity growth. The analysis is based on plant-level panel data from Chile covering the period 1979-86. For several reasons, these data provide an excellent basis for inference. First, they include all Chilean manufacturing plants with at least 10 workers. Second, from 1974 to 1979 Chile underwent sweeping reform programs to liberalize its trade regime, privatize state firms, and deregulate markets. The author finds the importance of plant turnover and different learning patterns across cohorts in driving the Chilean manufacturing-wide productivity changes. She finds that: the evidence supports the hypothesis that competitive pressures force less efficient producers to fail more often than others; the ratio of skilled labor to unskilled labor is higher and increasing more rapidly among incumbents and entrants than among exiting plants; although the economywide recession affected the productivity of each cohort to different degrees, there are steady increases in productivity over the sample period.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Banks&Banking Reform,Industrial Management