Determination of olaquindox, carbadox and cyadox in animal feeds by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

<p>Olaquindox, carbadox, and cyadox are chemically synthesised antibacterial and growth-promoting agents for animals. At high doses they may exert mutagenicity and hepatic and adrenal toxicities in animals. Regrettably, these substances are frequently abused or misused when added into animal feeds. Thus, developing a sensitive and reliable method for simultaneous determination of olaquindox, carbadox, and cyadox in different kinds of animal feeds is crucially important for food safety monitoring. In this paper we optimised instrumental conditions, extraction solvents, solid phase extraction cartridges, and pH of the loading solvents on the Oasis HLB cartridge. Under the optimal conditions, mean recoveries ranged from 74.1 to 111%, and intra-day and inter-day variations were lower than 14.6% and 10.8%, respectively. The limits of quantification for olaquindox, carbadox, and cyadox were 0.05 mg kg⁻¹, 0.10 mg kg⁻¹, and 0.025 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The proposed method uses ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and is sensitive and reliable for the simultaneous determination of olaquindox, carbadox, and cyadox in three kinds of animal feeds (specifically, mixed feed, concentrated feed, and additive premixed feed). This method has good precision, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility, and thus it can be used for convenient and accurate determination of olaquindox, carbadox, and cyadox in different kinds of animal feeds.</p

Optimization of Operating Parameters for Low NO_<i>x</i> Emission in High-Temperature Air Combustion

This paper focuses on determining the effects of operating parameters on NO_<i>x</i> emission and parameters optimization to reduce NO_<i>x</i> emission for high-temperature air combustion furnaces. For this purpose, the Taguchi method, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, was implemented. Eight factors were considered, including the velocity of air injection (A), the velocity of fuel injection (B), the oxygen concentration in preheated air (C), the preheated air temperature (D), fuel temperature (E), the interaction between A and B, the interaction between A and C, and the interaction between A and D. An L₂₇ (3¹³) orthogonal array was employed to arrange the CFD modeling tests. By analysis of variance, the degrees of effect of the selected factors are determined, which are as follows, in descending order: E, B, C, A, D, AB, AC, and AD. The major factors are found to be A, B, C, and E, while the other factors are considered to be secondary factors. The optimal operating conditions are determined to be A = 120 m/s, B = 85 m/s, C = 18.5%, D = 1493 K, and E = 298 K. Under the optimal operating condition, the concentration of NO_<i>x</i> emission decreases by 25.45%, compared with the original operating condition

Data_Sheet_1_Frailty index based on laboratory tests improves prediction of short-and long-term mortality in patients with critical acute myocardial infarction.docx

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the frailty index based on laboratory tests (FI-Lab) can identify older adults at increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the FI-Lab is associated with mortality risk and can provide incremental improvements in risk stratification of patients with critical acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Materials and methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. A 33-item FI-Lab was constructed. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the FI-Lab and outcomes. For the assessment of the incremental predictive value, the FI-Lab was added to several risk stratification scoring systems for critically ill patients, and the following indices were calculated: Δ C-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI).ResultsOut of 2,159 patients, 477 died in hospital (22.1%), and 898 died during the 1-year follow-up period. After adjustment for confounders, the FI-Lab was associated with increased in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.07] and 1-year mortality (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06) when assessed as a continuous variable (per 0.01-score increase). When assessed as a categorical variable, the FI-Lab was associated with in-hospital mortality (2nd Quartile: OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18–3.03; 3rd Quartile: OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.20–5.46; and 4th Quartile: OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 3.61–9.28 compared to 1st Quartile) as well as 1-year mortality (2nd Quartile: OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23–2.24; 3rd Quartile: OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.76–3.26; and 4th Quartile: OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.66–5.30 compared to 1st Quartile) after adjustment for confounders. The addition of the FI-Lab to all disease severity scores improved discrimination and significantly reclassified in-hospital and 1-year mortality risk.ConclusionThe FI-Lab was a strong predictor of short- and long-term mortality in patients with critical AMI. The FI-Lab improved the ability to predict mortality in patients with critical AMI and therefore might be useful in the clinical decision-making process.</p

Ru-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydrofuroquinolines from Azido-cyclopropyl Ketones

An efficient Ru-catalyzed synthesis of dihydrofuroquinolines from azido-cyclopropyl ketones via the reduction–cyclization–rearrangement process is reported. A plausible reaction mechanism for this process is depicted. Additionally, when the reaction was carried out under H₂ (1 atm) in the presence of Pd/C, 4-quinolones were obtained in excellent yields

Bi(OTf)₃-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Triazenylaryl Allylic Alcohols: A Stereoselective, High-Yield Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)-3-Alkenyl 2<i>H</i>-indazoles

<div><p></p><p>An efficient Bi(OTf)₃-catalyzed synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-pyrrolidine-2H-indazoles from triazenylaryl allylic alcohols via the intramolecular direct amination process is reported. Compared with the dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)-catalyzed method, the new method is more efficient and gives greater yields and functionality tolerance. Additionally, the 3-alkenyl-2-pyrrolidine-2H-indazoles can be transformed to a series of new products under different reaction conditions.</p> </div

Brönsted Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of Biaryl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Fluorenes and 9,10-Dihydro-Phenanthrenes

The efficient synthesis of fluorenes from biaryl triazenes is successfully developed. Up to 27 examples of biaryl triazenes are converted into their corresponding fluorene derivatives in the presence of CF₃COOH (4.0 equiv). Mechanism research indicates that the reaction undergoes concerted processes, and pentacoordinate carbocations may be involved in these reactions

Ru-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydrofuroquinolines from Azido-cyclopropyl Ketones

An efficient Ru-catalyzed synthesis of dihydrofuroquinolines from azido-cyclopropyl ketones via the reduction–cyclization–rearrangement process is reported. A plausible reaction mechanism for this process is depicted. Additionally, when the reaction was carried out under H₂ (1 atm) in the presence of Pd/C, 4-quinolones were obtained in excellent yields

Table_1_Sown alfalfa pasture decreases grazing intensity while increasing soil carbon: Experimental observations and DNDC model predictions.docx

IntroductionGrasslands are the most important land use in China and have experienced extensive degradation in the past few decades due to overgrazing. However, regionally viable solutions to grazing intensity alleviation remained elusive to date.MethodsHere, we evaluated the grazing intensity effects of sown alfalfa pastures in northern China using an experiment-modeling combined approach that involved six sites in field experiments and five provinces in DNDC modeling of sown alfalfa pasture’s forage production and carbon sequestration potentials in marginal lands.ResultsOur results showed that the sown alfalfa pasture’s dry-matter yield varied between 4.5 and 9.0 Mg ha-1 under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively, from 2025 to 2035. If half of the available marginal lands were mobilized for alfalfa forage production, these yield levels meant that livestock grazing intensity on natural grasslands may drop 8-13% under rainfed and 20-33% under irrigated conditions. Our results also showed that marginal land’s soil organic carbon contents were systematically higher under sown alfalfa pasture than under fallow management by a big margin of 8.5 and 9.9 g kg-1 (i.e., +79 and +95%), under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively, during 2025-2035.DiscussionOverall, these results demonstrated that sown alfalfa pasture on marginal lands represents an effective grassland conservation pathway over the short- to medium-term time horizon based on current technologies.</p

Table_2_Sown alfalfa pasture decreases grazing intensity while increasing soil carbon: Experimental observations and DNDC model predictions.xlsx

IntroductionGrasslands are the most important land use in China and have experienced extensive degradation in the past few decades due to overgrazing. However, regionally viable solutions to grazing intensity alleviation remained elusive to date.MethodsHere, we evaluated the grazing intensity effects of sown alfalfa pastures in northern China using an experiment-modeling combined approach that involved six sites in field experiments and five provinces in DNDC modeling of sown alfalfa pasture’s forage production and carbon sequestration potentials in marginal lands.ResultsOur results showed that the sown alfalfa pasture’s dry-matter yield varied between 4.5 and 9.0 Mg ha-1 under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively, from 2025 to 2035. If half of the available marginal lands were mobilized for alfalfa forage production, these yield levels meant that livestock grazing intensity on natural grasslands may drop 8-13% under rainfed and 20-33% under irrigated conditions. Our results also showed that marginal land’s soil organic carbon contents were systematically higher under sown alfalfa pasture than under fallow management by a big margin of 8.5 and 9.9 g kg-1 (i.e., +79 and +95%), under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively, during 2025-2035.DiscussionOverall, these results demonstrated that sown alfalfa pasture on marginal lands represents an effective grassland conservation pathway over the short- to medium-term time horizon based on current technologies.</p

Risk factors for mortality of patients in univariate/multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models.

<p>Risk factors for mortality of patients in univariate/multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models.</p