Mean monthly air temperature and rainfall distribution for typical steppe and desert steppe in 2010.

<p>Variation of annual average temperature and annual average precipitation from 1990–2010 in typical steppe and desert steppe.</p

Concentration and mass of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) for soils from ungrazed (UG), lightly grazed (LG), moderately grazed (MG), and heavily grazed (HG) sites sampled in 2010 in the Desert and Typical steppe, Inner Mongolia.

<p>Different small letters indicate significant differences between different stocking rates (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Mean soil water content (%, w/w) in two steppes for four treatments.

<p>The error bars indicate the standard error. Means sharing the same letters were not significantly different (p<0.05). UG, ungrazed; LG, lightly grazed; MG, moderately grazed; HG, heavily grazed.</p

Mean values of soil characteristics of upper 30 cm.

<p>SD, soil density; TP, total P; TK, total K.</p

Mean MBC concentration in two types of grassland, inclusive of two soil depths and four stocking rates.

<p>The error bars indicate the standard error. Means sharing the same letters were not significantly different (p<0.05). UG, ungrazed; LG, lightly grazed; MG, moderately grazed; HG, heavily grazed.</p

Mean (SE) C∶N ratios (incorporating all depths) and mean (SE) MBC∶SOC ratios (incorporating 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths) with different grazing pressure for two sites.

<p>Data in different letters means significant differences between different stocking rates (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Additional file 1 of Cirsiliol induces autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis through the AKT/FOXO1 axis and influences methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma

Additional file 1: Figure S1. A U2OS cells were treated with different concentrations of cirsiliol, stained with anti-Cyto-C and anti-TOMM20 antibodies and imaged using co-focused microscope imaging. Scale bars:100 µm. B Cyto-C and TOMM20 were quantified using FIJI/ImageJ. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Production of biocompatible navigation template with RP model.

<p>The 3D model of cervical vertebrae with virtual pin tracts was rapid-prototyped with Z Corporation 3D printer Spectrum Z™510. A Kirschner wire was then inserted into the pin tract of the RP model and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to construct the drill template.</p

Illustration of grades of ATPS positions in cervical pedicle.

<p>Grade 1: Screw positioned at the center of the pedicle. Grade 2: Less than one-third of the screw cross-section (≤1.2 mm with a 3.5-mm diameter screw) penetrating the cortex. Grade 3: Between one-third and one-half of the screw cross-section penetrating the cortex (or deviation <2 mm). Grade 4: More than one-half of the screw cross-section penetrating the cortex (or deviation ≥2 mm). Grade 5: Deviation equal or greater than the screw diameter.</p

Actual drill with navigation template in cadaveric cervical specimens.

<p>Anterior soft tissue was removed from the vertebrae. The drill template was put in place by hand and compressed slightly to the anterior surface of cervical vertebrae. A 2 mm-diameter Kirschner wire was then drilled into the cervical pedicle with the assistance of the drill template.</p