357 research outputs found
Comparison of the efficacy of half ticagrelor loading doses and clopidogrel in elderly acute coronary syndrome patients in China
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of half-load doses (HLD) of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on elderly acute coronary syndrome patients (ACS) over a period of 90 days.
Methods: Seventy-four patients diagnosed as ACS were included in this trial. The patients were randomly distributed into group 1 (treated with HLD ticagrelor, 90 mg LD) and group 2 (treated with clopidogrel, 300 mg LD). The interaction of treatment effect was evaluated using Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results: Within three months, a total of 12 patients (16.21 %) died of myocardial infarction or stroke. The endpoint of HLD ticagrelor-treated elderly ACS patients was 20 %, and the incidence of clopidogreltreated endpoints was 14.81 %.
Conclusion: In the first 45 patients treated with HLD ticagrelor, their cumulative incidence of cardiac events was relatively high. However, there were no considerable changes in the therapeutic benefits of these two drugs in elderly ACS patients.
Keywords: Elder patients, Acute coronary syndrome, Ticagrelor, Clopidogre
Effect of nematic order on the low-energy spin fluctuations in detwinned BaFeNiAs
The origin of nematic order remains one of the major debates in iron-based
superconductors. In theories based on spin nematicity, one major prediction is
that the spin-spin correlation length at (0,) should decrease with
decreasing temperature below the structural transition temperature . Here
we report inelastic neutron scattering studies on the low-energy spin
fluctuations in BaFeNiAs under uniaxial pressure. Both
intensity and spin-spin correlation start to show anisotropic behavior at high
temperature, while the reduction of the spin-spin correlation length at
(0,) happens just below , suggesting strong effect of nematic order
on low-energy spin fluctuations. Our results favor the idea that treats the
spin degree of freedom as the driving force of the electronic nematic order.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Exploring the Compositional Generalization in Context Dependent Text-to-SQL Parsing
In the context-dependent Text-to-SQL task, the generated SQL statements are
refined iteratively based on the user input utterance from each interaction.
The input text from each interaction can be viewed as component modifications
to the previous SQL statements, which could be further extracted as the
modification patterns. Since these modification patterns could also be combined
with other SQL statements, the models are supposed to have the compositional
generalization to these novel combinations. This work is the first exploration
of compositional generalization in context-dependent Text-to-SQL scenarios. To
facilitate related studies, we constructed two challenging benchmarks named
\textsc{CoSQL-CG} and \textsc{SParC-CG} by recombining the modification
patterns and existing SQL statements. The following experiments show that all
current models struggle on our proposed benchmarks. Furthermore, we found that
better aligning the previous SQL statements with the input utterance could give
models better compositional generalization ability. Based on these
observations, we propose a method named \texttt{p-align} to improve the
compositional generalization of Text-to-SQL models. Further experiments
validate the effectiveness of our method. Source code and data are available.Comment: Accepted to ACL 2023 (Findings), Long Paper, 11 page
RAPL: A Relation-Aware Prototype Learning Approach for Few-Shot Document-Level Relation Extraction
How to identify semantic relations among entities in a document when only a
few labeled documents are available? Few-shot document-level relation
extraction (FSDLRE) is crucial for addressing the pervasive data scarcity
problem in real-world scenarios. Metric-based meta-learning is an effective
framework widely adopted for FSDLRE, which constructs class prototypes for
classification. However, existing works often struggle to obtain class
prototypes with accurate relational semantics: 1) To build prototype for a
target relation type, they aggregate the representations of all entity pairs
holding that relation, while these entity pairs may also hold other relations,
thus disturbing the prototype. 2) They use a set of generic NOTA
(none-of-the-above) prototypes across all tasks, neglecting that the NOTA
semantics differs in tasks with different target relation types. In this paper,
we propose a relation-aware prototype learning method for FSDLRE to strengthen
the relational semantics of prototype representations. By judiciously
leveraging the relation descriptions and realistic NOTA instances as guidance,
our method effectively refines the relation prototypes and generates
task-specific NOTA prototypes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our
method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by average 2.61% across
various settings of two FSDLRE benchmarks.Comment: Accepted to EMNLP 202
Enhancing predictive validity of motoric cognitive risk syndrome for incident dementia and all-cause mortality with handgrip strength: insights from a prospective cohort study
BackgroundThis study aimed to assess whether integrating handgrip strength (HGS) into the concept of motoric cognitive risk (MCR) would enhance its predictive validity for incident dementia and all-cause mortality.MethodsA cohort of 5, 899 adults from the Health and Retirement Study underwent assessments of gait speed, subjective cognitive complaints, and HGS were involved. Over a 10-year follow-up, biennial cognitive tests and mortality data were collected. Cox proportional hazard analyses assessed the predictive power of MCR alone and MCR plus HGS for incident dementia and all-cause mortality.ResultsPatients with MCR and impaired HGS (MCR-HGS) showed the highest adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for dementia (2.33; 95% CI, 1.49–3.65) and mortality (1.52; 95% CI, 1.07–2.17). Even patients with MCR and normal HGS (MCR-non-HGS) experienced a 1.77-fold increased risk of incident dementia; however, this association was not significant when adjusted for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Nevertheless, all MCR groups demonstrated increased risks of all-cause mortality. The inclusion of HGS in the MCR models significantly improved predictive discrimination for both incident dementia and all-cause mortality, as indicated by improvements in the C-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification indices (NRI).ConclusionOur study underscores the incremental predictive value of adding HGS to the MCR concept for estimating risks of adverse health outcomes among older adults. A modified MCR, incorporating HGS, could serve as an effective screening tool during national health examinations for identifying individuals at risk of dementia and mortality
Two-dimensional superconductivity at heterostructure of Mott insulating titanium sesquioxide and polar semiconductor
Heterointerfaces with symmetry breaking and strong interfacial coupling could
give rise to the enormous exotic quantum phenomena. Here, we report on the
experimental observation of intriguing two-dimensional superconductivity with
superconducting transition temperature () of 3.8 K at heterostructure of
Mott insulator TiO and polar semiconductor GaN revealed by the
electrical transport and magnetization measurements. Furthermore, at the verge
of superconductivity we find a wide range of temperature independent resistance
associated with vanishing Hall resistance, demonstrating the emergence of
quantum metallic-like state with the Bose-metal scenario of the metallic phase.
By tuning the thickness of TiO films, the emergence of quantum
metallic-like state accompanies with the appearance of superconductivity as
decreasing in temperature, implying that the two-dimensional superconductivity
is evolved from the quantum metallic-like state driven by the cooperative
effects of the electron correlation and the interfacial coupling between
TiO and polar GaN. These findings provide a new platform for the study
of intriguing two-dimensional superconductivity with a delicate interplay of
the electron correlation and the interfacial coupling at the heterostructures,
and unveil the clues of the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Combining CD4 count, CD8 count and CD4/CD8 ratio to predict risk of mortality among HIV-positive adults after therapy: a group-based multi-trajectory analysis
IntroductionPrevious studies have indicated different immunological recovery trajectories based on CD4 count or CD4/CD8 ratio. However, these immune indicators are interconnected, and relying solely on one indicator may lead to inaccurate estimates. Therefore, it is essential to develop a comprehensive trajectory model that integrates CD4 count, CD8 count and CD4/CD8 ratio.MethodsWe utilized a group-based multi-trajectory model to characterize the latent cluster of recovery based on measurements of CD4 count, CD8 count and CD4/CD8 ratio over a period of up to 96 months following ART initiation. Subsequently, we investigated the characteristics associated with trajectory groups, especially sex and age. Cox model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were employed to assess differences in all-cause, AIDS-related and non-AIDS related mortality between trajectory groups.ResultsA total of 14,718 eligible individuals were followed for a median of 55 months. Longitudinal model identified four subgroups: group 1 (32.5%, low CD4 and CD4/CD8 inversion), group 2 (25.9%, high CD8 and CD4/CD8 inversion), group 3 (27.2%, slow recovery of CD4 and CD4/CD8 inversion) and group 4 (14.4%, rapid increase of CD4 and normal CD4/CD8). Immune recovery was slower in male than in female, and in elders than in youngers. Compared to group 2, group 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=3.28; 95% CI 2.33-4.60) and group 3 (aHR=1.56; 95% CI 1.09-2.24) had increased risk of all-cause mortality after adjusting for other factors. Besides, group 1 (aHR=2.17) and group 3 (aHR=1.58) had higher risk of non-AIDS related mortality, and group 1 (aHR=5.92) had significantly increased risk of AIDS related mortality.ConclusionLongitudinal trajectory analysis of multiple immune indicators can be employed to guide targeted interventions among vulnerable populations in clinical practice
Analysis of care-seeking and diagnosis delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Beijing, China
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in China. Early detection and diagnosis of TB cases are crucial to interrupt disease transmission and prevent its progression. This study aims to describe the delay in seeking care and diagnosis among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and identify the influencing factors in two counties in Beijing.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out to investigate care-seeking and diagnosis delay in two counties in Beijing. Basic information of PTB patients from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was extracted from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of China (TBIMS), and all enrolled patients were interviewed via telephone using a standard questionnaire. Statistical description was performed using the median and interquartile range (IQR). Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors.Results537 patients were enrolled. The median duration of care-seeking and diagnosis delay was 11 (IQR: 5–26) days and 8 (IQR: 0–18) days, with 41.71 and 35.20% of patients experiencing delays (>14 days). The study found that being asymptomatic (OR = 2.791, 95%CI: 1.710–4.555) before seeking medical care and not attending work during treatment (OR = 2.990, 95%CI: 1.419–6.298) were identified as risk factors for care-seeking delay. Patients who were tracked (OR = 2.632, 95%CI: 1.062–6.521) and diagnosed at tuberculosis control and prevention institutions (OR = 1.843, 95%CI: 1.061–3.202) had higher odds of diagnostic delays. 44.69% of patients presented a total delay (>28 days), with a median duration of 25 (IQR: 13–39) days. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that healthy examination (OR = 0.136, 95%CI: 0.043–0.425) was a protective factor for total delay.ConclusionPublic interventions are necessary to improve the efficiency of PTB patients detection and treatment in Beijing. Medical services should focus on the target population and improve access to medical care to further reduce delays for PTB patients
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