An Empirical Study on the Influence upon Geographical Brand Characteristics to Behavioral Intentions- Word-of-mouth information to adjust the variable

From the perspective of consumers, taking Changbai Mountain Ginseng as an example, the paper has proved the influences of geographical brand image on consumers’ behaviors. And further more, it has confirmed the significant adjustment function of WOM information on the relationship between geographical brand image and consumers’ behavioral intentions. The conclusion of the study can provide rationale for enterprises, government, and industry association to implement geographical brand strategy and to shape geographical brand image

Synthesis and reactivity of some Co-, P-Chiral Co(III) complexes

Chiral phosphorus compounds have attracted research interest due to their biological activity and potential applications. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral phosphorus compounds via transition-metal-mediated (TMM) chemistry, with its possibility to modify reaction conditions and to control stereochemistry of phosphorus through coordination, holds promise as a synthetic avenue for synthesis of new phosphorus materials. This thesis focuses on a novel method to synthesize chiral pentavalent phosphorus compounds via optical induction from transition metal complexes and examines the chemistry of the resulting inorganometallic phosphorus moieties for further transformations. -- Three series of Co-, P-chiral Co(III) complexes are synthesized via transition- metal-mediated (TMM) Arbuzov reactions. The structures and spectroscopic properties are described and the reactivity of the synthesized chiral phosphonate moieties are examined. Unlike their organic analogs, the inorganometallic phosphonates are inert to nucleophiles. Reaction with PCl₅or SOCl₂ under prolonged heating cleaves the Co-P bond. In the presence of BCI₃, the perfluoro-substituted P- phosphito Co(III) complex reacts with the nucleophile to give a novel product, which involves C-F bond cleavage. -- The LUMOs of the inorganometallic phosphonates and their organic analogs are analysed at the Hückel level. The LUMOs of the inorganometallic phosphonates are metal-based while those of their organic analogs are dominated by the orbitals of phosphorus centre. The shift of the LUMO from phosphorus to metal explains the behavioural difference between organic and inorganometallic pentavalent phosphorus compounds

A pathway of signals regulating effector and initiator caspases in the developing Drosophila eye

Regulated cell death and survival play important roles in neural development. Extracellular signals are presumed to regulate seven apparent caspases to determine the final structure of the nervous system. In the eye, the EGF receptor, Notch, and intact primary pigment and cone cells have been implicated in survival or death signals. An antibody raised against a peptide from human caspase 3 was used to investigate how extracellular signals controlled spatial patterning of cell death. The antibody crossreacted specifically with dying Drosophila cells and labelled the activated effector caspase Drice. It was found that the initiator caspase Dronc and the proapoptotic gene head involution defective were important for activation in vivo. Dronc may play roles in dying cells in addition to activating downstream effector caspases. Epistasis experiments ordered EGF receptor, Notch, and primary pigment and cone cells into a single pathway that affected caspase activity in pupal retina through hid and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. None of these extracellular signals appeared to act by initiating caspase activation independently of hid. Taken together, these findings indicate that in eye development spatial regulation of cell death and survival is integrated through a single intracellular pathway

Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits

[EN] Gut development is stimulated by exposure to microorganisms, especially early-life microbial exposure. This study aimed to investigate whether doe-litter separation, which is performed in many rabbit farms, affects this exposure and therefore inhibits the development of intestinal system in suckling rabbits. Immediately after parturition, Rex rabbit does (n=16) were adjusted to 8 kits per litter and divided into doe-litter separation (DLS) group and doe-litter together (DLT) group based on the conditions of the does. One healthy kit per litter was selected and sacrificed at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d of age, and the number of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides-Prevotella, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in duodenum and caecum were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The morphological parameters of duodenum and vermiform appendix were also measured. Our results showed that doe-litter separation affected the number of intestinal bacteria. At 7 d of age, except for caecal Escherichia coli, the number of the investigated bacteria was decreased by doe-litter separation (P<0.05). But 1 wk later, only the number of total bacteria and Bacteroides-Prevotella in caecal content (P<0.05) and Escherichia coli in duodenal content from DLS kits (P<0.05) were still lower than those from DLT kits. After being provided with supplementary food for 7 d, DLS kits had fewer total bacteria in caecal content (P<0.05) and fewer E. coli in duodenal content (P<0.01) than DLT kits. After growing to 28 d of age, kits in DLS group still tended to have fewer total bacteria in caecal content, and expression of IL-10 and secretion of secretory IgA (sIgA) in vermiform appendix in DLS group was obviously lower than kits in DLT group (P<0.05). The villus height:crypt depth ratio in duodenum at 3rd wk and 4th wk was decreased by DLS (P<0.05). Kits in DLS group had shorter villus height (P<0.05), higher crypt depth (P<0.05) and shorter vermiform appendix (P<0.05) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, separating kits from the doe had a negative effect on their average daily gain at 3rd wk and 4th wk (P<0.05). Limiting the microbiological contact with the mother during suckling period affected the kits’ intestinal flora and could negatively affect the development of intestinal digestive and immune system and growth performance of kits.This study was funded by Key Science and Technology Programme of Shaanxi Province (No, 2013K02-18).Zhang, Y.; Cui, H.; Sun, D.; Liu, L.; Xu, X. (2018). Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 26(1):71-79. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.5917SWORD717926

Correlated two-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two- or three-level giant atoms

We study the two-photon scattering processes in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a two- or three-level giant atom, respectively. The accumulated phase shift between the two coupling points can be utilized to alter the scattering processes. We obtain the exact interacting two-photon scattering wavefunction of these two systems following the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism, from which the analytical expressions of incoherent power spectra and second-order correlations are also derived. The incoherent spectrum, defined by the correlation of the bound state, serves as a useful indication of photon-photon correlation. The second-order correlation function gives a direct measure of photon-photon correlation. For photons scattered by the two-level giant atom, the accumulated phase shift can be used to improve photon-photon correlation,and adjust the evolution of the second-order correlation. In the system of the three-level giant atom, the photon-photon correlation can be substantially increased. Moreover, the photon-photon interactions and correlation distance of scattered photons can be further enhanced by tuning the accumulated phase shift

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor-based bladder preservation therapy for refractory high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Current landscape and future directions

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system worldwide. Approximately 75% of patients with bladder cancer present with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which is effectively managed with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). For refractory high risk NMIBC, patients are typically treated by radical cystectomy (RC). TURBT deserves further evaluation. Growing evidence suggests that repeated TURBT-based bladder-sparing approaches may improve oncological outcomes and quality of life in highly selected patients. Novel imaging techniques and biomarkers may aid in patients selection and postoperative surveillance. With growing interest in adding immunotherapy to refractory bladder cancer, TURBT based approaches enable the bladder preservation therapy for high risk NMIBC. Here we summarize the current landscape, biomarkers for surveillance, and future directions for applying TURBT-based bladder preservation therapy