Effects of deposition time on the chemical bath-deposited CuS thin films

The chemical bath deposition technique was used to deposit thin films of copper sulphide onto indium tin oxide glass substrates. The bath composition included copper chloride which was the source of Cu2+ and sodium thiosulfate which supplied the S2- ions. Xray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to investigate structural and morphological characterization, respectively. The influence of deposition time was studied to determine the optimum condition for deposition process. The deposited CuS films showed hexagonal structure. The number of peaks attributable to CuS increased as the deposition time was increased to 16 hours based on XRD data. AFM images revealed that the chemical bath-deposited films for 16 hours showed more homogeneous and uniform compared with other deposition times, and the highest absorbance value was obtained for the films deposited at this period. The band gap energy decreased from 2.9 to 2.45 eV when the deposition time was increased from 8 to 20 hours

Diagnosis and Management of Radiation Necrosis in Patients With Brain Metastases

The use of radiotherapy, either in the form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), remains the cornerstone for the treatment of brain metastases (BM). As the survival of patients with BM is being prolonged, due to improved systemic therapy (i.e., for better extra-cranial control) and increased use of SRS (i.e., for improved intra-cranial control), patients are clinically manifesting late effects of radiotherapy. One of these late effects is radiation necrosis (RN). Unfortunately, symptomatic RN is notoriously hard to diagnose and manage. The features of RN overlap considerably with tumor recurrence, and misdiagnosing RN as tumor recurrence may lead to deleterious treatment which may cause detrimental effects to the patient. In this review, we will explore the pathophysiology of RN, risk factors for its development, and the strategies to evaluate and manage RN

Diagnosis and Management of Radiation Necrosis in Patients With Brain Metastases

10.3389/fonc.2018.00395FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY