397 research outputs found
What is a Qualitative Calculus? A General Framework
What is a qualitative calculus? Many qualitative spatial and temporal calculi arise from a set of JEPD (jointly exhaustive and pairwise disjoint) relations: a stock example is Allen's calculus, which is based on thirteen basic relations between interval
A Corpus for Hybrid Question Answering Systems
International audienceQuestion answering has been the focus of a lot of researches and evaluation campaigns, either for text-based systems (TREC and CLEF evaluation campaigns for example), or for knowledge-based systems (QALD, BioASQ). Few systems have effectively combined both types of resources and methods in order to exploit the fruitful- ness of merging the two kinds of information repositories. The only evaluation QA track that focuses on hybrid QA is QALD since 2014. As it is a recent task, few annotated data are available (around 150 questions). In this paper, we present a question answering dataset that was constructed to develop and evaluate hybrid question an- swering systems. In order to create this corpus, we collected several textual corpora and augmented them with entities and relations of a knowledge base by retrieving paths in the knowledge base which allow to answer the questions. The resulting corpus contains 4300 question-answer pairs and 1600 have a true link with DBpedia
How digital will the future be? Analysis of prospective scenarios
With the climate change context, many prospective studies, generally
encompassing all areas of society, imagine possible futures to expand the range
of options. The role of digital technologies within these possible futures is
rarely specifically targeted. Which digital technologies and methodologies do
these studies envision in a world that has mitigated and adapted to climate
change? In this paper, we propose a typology for scenarios to survey digital
technologies and their applications in 14 prospective studies and their
corresponding 35 future scenarios. Our finding is that all the scenarios
consider digital technology to be present in the future. We observe that only a
few of them question our relationship with digital technology and all aspects
related to its materiality, and none of the general studies envision
breakthroughs concerning technologies used today. Our result demonstrates the
lack of a systemic view of information and communication technologies. We
therefore argue for new prospective studies to envision the future of ICT
Algebraic Properties of Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Calculi
Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning is based on so-called qualitative
calculi. Algebraic properties of these calculi have several implications on
reasoning algorithms. But what exactly is a qualitative calculus? And to which
extent do the qualitative calculi proposed meet these demands? The literature
provides various answers to the first question but only few facts about the
second. In this paper we identify the minimal requirements to binary
spatio-temporal calculi and we discuss the relevance of the according axioms
for representation and reasoning. We also analyze existing qualitative calculi
and provide a classification involving different notions of a relation algebra.Comment: COSIT 2013 paper including supplementary materia
Morphological resources for precise information retrieval
International audienceQuestion answering (QA) systems aim at providing a precise answer to a given user question. Their major difficulty lies in the lexical gap problem between question and answering passages. We present here the different types of morphological phenomena in question answering, the resources available for French, and in particular a resource that we built containing deverbal agent nouns. Then, we evaluate the results of a particular QA system, according to the morphological knowledge used
On Distributive Subalgebras of Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Calculi
Qualitative calculi play a central role in representing and reasoning about
qualitative spatial and temporal knowledge. This paper studies distributive
subalgebras of qualitative calculi, which are subalgebras in which (weak)
composition distributives over nonempty intersections. It has been proven for
RCC5 and RCC8 that path consistent constraint network over a distributive
subalgebra is always minimal and globally consistent (in the sense of strong
-consistency) in a qualitative sense. The well-known subclass of convex
interval relations provides one such an example of distributive subalgebras.
This paper first gives a characterisation of distributive subalgebras, which
states that the intersection of a set of relations in the subalgebra
is nonempty if and only if the intersection of every two of these relations is
nonempty. We further compute and generate all maximal distributive subalgebras
for Point Algebra, Interval Algebra, RCC5 and RCC8, Cardinal Relation Algebra,
and Rectangle Algebra. Lastly, we establish two nice properties which will play
an important role in efficient reasoning with constraint networks involving a
large number of variables.Comment: Adding proof of Theorem 2 to appendi
Fine-grained Linguistic Evaluation of Question Answering Systems
International audienceQuestion answering systems are complex systems using natural language processing. Some evaluation campaigns are organized to evaluate such systems in order to propose a classification of systems based on final results (number of correct answers). Nevertheless, teams need to evaluate more precisely the results obtained by their systems if they want to do a diagnostic evaluation. There are no tools or methods to do these evaluations systematically. We present REVISE, a tool for glass box evaluation based on diagnostic of question answering system results
Corpus study of kidney-related experimental data in scientific papers
International audienceThe Quantitative Kidney DataBase (QKDB) is relational database that was created in order to centralize kidney-related experimental results. Each result is characterized by different attributes and the scientific paper from which it was extracted. Currently, this database isp opulated by hand by experts of the domain. We present a corpus study of some papers that have already been analyzed in order to exhibit the specificities and difficulties of the extraction process; then we propose a first solution to extract automatically the desired knowledge from papers
Lifelong learning and task-oriented dialogue system: what does it mean?
International audienceThe main objective of this paper is to propose a functional definition of lifelong learning system adapted to the framework of task-oriented system. We mainly identified two aspects where a lifelong learning technology could be applied in such system: improve the natural language understanding module and enrich the database used by the system. Given our definition, we present an example of how it could be implemented in an actual task-oriented dialogue system that is developed in the LIHLITH project
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