Sarcopenia using muscle mass prediction model and cognitive impairment: a longitudinal analysis from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing

BackgroundLiterature on the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment is largely unclear and mainly limited to non-European populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore if the presence of sarcopenia at the baseline could increase the risk of cognitive impairment in a large cohort of older people participating to the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), over ten years of follow-up.MethodsSarcopenia was diagnosed as having low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index at the baseline, using a muscle mass prediction model; cognitive function was evaluated in the ELSA through several tests. The results are reported in the whole sample adjusted for potential baseline confounders and after matching sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants with a propensity score.Results2738 people (mean age: 68.7 years, 54.4% males) were included. During the ten years of follow-up, sarcopenia was associated with significantly lower scores in memory (p Conclusions and implicationsSarcopenia was found to be associated with a significantly higher incidence of poor cognitive status in a large population of elderly people followed up for 10 years, suggesting it may be an important potential risk factor for dementia.</p

Prevalence of sarcopenia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Background: Existing literature suggests that sarcopenia is a highly prevalent condition in older people. However, most studies to date reporting data on its prevalence have been mainly carried out in Western countries, while data on sarcopenia in Africa is scarce. With this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in African countries and to explore potential factors that could explain higher or lower prevalence of this condition in Africa. Methods: Major databases for studies reporting data on sarcopenia in African countries were searched from inception to June 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence [and 95% confdence intervals (95% CIs)] of sarcopenia in Africa, applying a random efect model. Several sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were run.Results: Among 147 articles initially screened, six articles (with seven cohorts) including a total of 10,656 participants were included. Mean age of participants was 66.9 years, and the majority were female (58.1%). The weighted prevalence of sarcopenia in the selected countries of Africa was 25.72% (95%CI: 18.90–32.55). This outcome was characterized by a high heterogeneity (I 2=99%) and by publication bias. Among the factors investigated, sarcopenia was lower when assessed using only one anthropometric measure, or in South Africa.Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in Africa and thus research regarding this topic is a public health priority. Future studies that cover African countries for which data are not available and using standardized criteria are needed.</p

Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Susceptibility to Fall: A Prospective Analysis of The Osteoarthritis Initiative

Background: The prediction of the risk of falling remains a challenge in geriatric medicine and the identification of new potential reversible risk factors is a public health priority. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between DAO (dynapenic abdominal obesity) and incident falls in a large sample of people with knee OA (osteoarthritis) or at high risk for this condition, over 8 years of follow-up. Methods: DAO was defined using a waist circumference more than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women and a concomitant presence of dynapenia, defined as a time over 15 s in the five times chair stands time. Falls, during follow-up, were recorded using self-reported information in the previous year. A logistic binary regression analysis was run, adjusted for potential confounders at the baseline, reporting the data as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 3,844 subjects were included, majority of whom had abdominal obesity. Across the 8 years of follow-up, 2,695 participants fell vs. 1,149 not reporting any fall. Taking those without DAO as reference, the presence of only dynapenia was not associated with risk of falls (OR = 1.18;95%CI: 0.73–1.91; p = 0.50), whilst the presence of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09–1.56; p = 0.004) and DAO (OR = 1.31; 95%CI:1.01–1.73; p = 0.04) were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident falls. Conclusion: DAO significantly increased risk of falls as well as the presence of abdominal obesity

Dynapenic abdominal obesity and incident multimorbidity: findings from the English longitudinal study on ageing

Dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) (i.e., impairment in muscle strength and high waist circumference) is gaining interest, as it is associated with several important adverse health outcomes. However, the association between DAO and multimorbidity is largely unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between DAO at baseline and new onset multimorbidity over ten years of follow-up

Multimorbidity Increased the Risk of Urinary Incontinence in Community-Dwelling Adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing

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