Additional file 1: of Feeding practices and growth among young children during two seasons in rural Ethiopia

Survey questionnaire. Questionnaire administered to the study participants to collect data on feeding patterns and practices and child growth. (DOC 130 kb

Mean (±SD) intake of food groups per week in any given week during the last 3 months before the survey by food security status and sex.

***<p>P<0.001, **P<0.01.</p><p>T-test was done to assess the differences between food secure and food insecure groups by intake of the different food groups. The food items were grouped according to MyPyramid [USDA, 2005).</p><p>Means [±SD) are given unless indicated otherwise.</p><p>The p values compare the means frequency of consumption of the different food groups per week between food secure and food insecure adolescents and the maximum value for the group is 1.</p><p>FS = food Secure, FIS =  Food Insecure.</p

<b>Table 5.</b> Multivariable logistic regression model predicting the likelihood of having high dietary diversity, high frequency of consuming animal source foods per week among adolescents.^¶

<p>Parameters estimates were adjusted for the tabulated variables. Ref: indicates the reference category.</p><p>Maximum Variance inflation factor  =  1.96.</p>¶<p>Parameters estimates adjusted for: Dependency ratio, household income, gender of the household head.</p><p>Coefficients as obtained from a multivariable linear regression model.</p><p>High =  3^rd tertile for both DDS and frequency of ASF consumption.</p><p>Adol =  Adolescent.</p

Food based coping strategies used among food insecure adolescents in southwest Ethiopia during the last three months before the survey.

<p>The last 3 months refer to time before interview of the adolescent.</p><p>Percentage is calculated out of row totals.</p

Figure 1

<p>Study flow chart.</p

Child characteristics at inclusion by study arm.

<p>Data are mean (SD), unless stated otherwise.</p>a<p>Hemoglobin concentration was not measured in one child in the control group.</p

Effect of preventive RUSF on hemoglobin concentration and anemia at end point.

<p>End point hemoglobin values were unavailable for 31 and 25 participants from the control and intervention groups, respectively.</p>a<p>Analyzed using a linear mixed model with random effects cluster and household, adjusted for child's age at baseline, child's sex, SES, and hemoglobin concentration at baseline.</p>b<p>Analyzed using a mixed logistic regression model with random effects cluster and household, adjusted for child's age at baseline, child's sex, SES, and anemic status at baseline.</p

Proportion of adolescents who consumed specific food item at least once in a week in any given week during the last 3 months before the survey by their food security status.^*

<p>Most of the significant differences observed were on food items which became very expensive.</p>*<p>Percentages refer to the proportion of adolescents who consumed the food item over the last 7 days and are calculated from column total. ¹The significance level is 0.0016 [0.05/30) due to Bonferroni correction.</p><p>A Chi-square test was used to calculate the P values.</p

Parameter estimates from linear regression predicting food variety score among adolescents.^¶

¶<p>Multivariable linear regression model with the Food Variety Score as a dependent variable and predictors with</p><p>P<0.05 of the bivariate model.</p><p>Adjusted R² =  0.085.</p><p>Ref =  reference category.</p><p>Coefficients as obtained from a multivariable linear regression model.</p><p>Maximum Variance inflation factor  =  1.78.</p><p>SE =  Standard error.</p

Composition of a daily dose (46 g) of RUSF.

<p>Composition of a daily dose (46 g) of RUSF.</p