PROFESSIONAL FITNESS TESTS FOR FEMALE BASKETBALLERS OF THE HO CHI MINH CITY TEAM, VIETNAM

The research was implemented to find suitable professional fitness tests for female athletes of the Ho Chi Minh City basketball team. There were sixteen female basketballers from the team participated in the study. By using the methods of document reference, surveys, and statistical analysis, the study selected 14 fitness tests in total which comprised eleven pedagogical tests and three biomedical ones. All of them aim to thoroughly measure physical attributes needed in basketball, regarding speed, strength, flexibility, agility, general endurance, and professional endurance.  Article visualizations

PROFESSIONAL FITNESS STATUS OF YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES OF HO CHI MINH CITY BASKETBALL TEAM, VIETNAM

Basketball is a team sport characterized by direct opposition, so it requires physical strength and agility. The sport has gained global popularity which attracts numerous individuals to engage in practice and competition. This research was conducted to establish a standardized professional fitness assessment for female athletes from the Ho Chi Minh City basketball team. To fulfil the stated aim, the study employed three common scientific research methods, namely document analysis, interviews, and statistical analysis. Sixteen female basketball players from the Ho Chi Minh City team were involved as the participants, with an average age of 23.5 ± 3.54 years, height of 169.25 ± 4.77 cm, and weight of 64.75 ± 5.56 kg. The result has provided a scoring system and classification table to accurately measure the professional fitness of female basketballers. One more notable thing was that the participants exhibited superior professional fitness compared to their counterparts of the years 2004 and 2010, but inferior to that of the national team in 2006. Furthermore, regarding their performances in fitness tests, 18.75% of the participants were deemed good, 25.0% satisfactory, 37.50% unsatisfactory, 18.75% poor, and none achieved the excellent level.  Article visualizations

Large-scale Synthesis of CdTe Quantum Dots in Aqueous Phase

In this paper, we present the systematically experimental results on the influences of pH of the reaction medium, molar ratio of the precursors on the synthesis in aqueous phase of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and CdTe/CdS QDs with core/shell structure. Under optimal synthesis conditions, water-soluble CdTe and CdTe/CdS QDs have been prepared that exhibit very strong photoluminescence peaking in the spectral range between 520 nm and 650 nm with narrow full width at half maximum ($\sim 32$ nm in the short-wavelength emission case); depending on the emission range, most samples however exhibit the high luminescence quantum yields ($\sim 40$%). Moreover, the synthesis in aqueous phase shows some additional advantages: it is possible to prepare high quality CdTe QDs in large-scale (up to gram/reaction) with low cost, less toxic and short production time

Chênh lệch tiền lương tại Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long dưới góc độ tiếp cận về giới tính và khu vực thành thị - nông thôn

This study analyzes the wage differential of male and female workers, and labor in urban and rural areas in the Mekong Delta provinces using the VHLSS 2014 data. The results of the decomposition of the wage disparity between men and women show unexplained difference has the major contribution in the wage gap between men and women, in particular the differences in the returns to academic and professional degrees for male and female workers. Meanwhile, the explained difference has lower explanatory power, suggesting that most of attributes of male and female labor do not significantly differ. The results of the decomposition of urban-rural wage differential show the opposite: the difference is mainly due to the fact that urban workers are more educated than rural labor, while the unexplained difference has lower explanatory power. Based on these results, the paper proposes a number of recommendations to reduce the income gap in the Mekong Delta

Effect of Multiple Quantum Well Periods on Structural Properties and Performance of Extended Short-Wavelength Infrared LEDs

We present research on the role of multiple quantum well periods in extended short-wavelength infrared InGaAs/InAsPSb type-I LEDs. The fabricated LEDs consisted of 6, 15, and 30 quantum well periods, and we evaluated the structural properties and device performance through a combination of theoretical simulations and experimental characterization. The strain and energy band offset was precisely controlled by carefully adjusting the composition of the InAsPSb quaternary material, achieving high valence and conduction band offsets of 350 meV and 94 meV, respectively. Our LEDs demonstrated a high degree of relaxation of 94-96 %. Additionally, we discovered that the temperature-dependent dark current characterization attributed to generation-recombination and trap-assign tunneling, with trap-assign tunneling being more dominant at lower current injections. Electroluminescence analysis revealed that the predominant emission mechanism of the LEDs originated from localized exciton and free exciton radiative recombination, which the 30 quantum wells LED exhibited the highest contribution of the localized exciton/free exciton radiative recombination. We observed that increasing the quantum well periods from 6 to 15 led to an increase in the 300 K electroluminescence intensity of the LED. However, extending the quantum well period to 30 resulted in a decline in emission intensity due to the degradation of the epitaxial film quality

Preparation of SERS Substrates for the Detection of Organic Molecules at Low Concentration

In this paper, we present the results of the preparation of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrates by depositing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto a porous silicon wafer that is produced by the chemical etching process. The influences of the preparation parameters such as resistivity of the silicon wafer, the anodizing current density, etching time to the size of pores were systematically investigated. The SERS substrates prepared were characterised by using appropriate techniques: the morphology and pores size by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the SERS activity by Raman scattering measure of organic molecules malachite green (MG) embedded into the substrate at room temperature. Our experimental results show that a home-made Raman microscope system could be efficiently used to detect the MG molecules at the concentration lower than 10-7 M with the prepared SERS substrates which have Ag NPs in the obtained pores of 10 – 40 nm

Dorures des céramiques et tesselles anciennes : technologies et accrochage

Les technologies de dorures des céramiques et verres et leurs évolutions historiques sont très mal documentées. Des échantillons d'époques et de technologies différentes (tesselles d'époque omeyyade, début VIIIe s., Qusayr 'Amra, Jordanie ; porcelaine de type « Kinran-de », épave de Cu Lao Cham, XVe s. Vietnam ; porcelaine phosphatique de Rockingham, début XIXe s., Angleterre) ont été analysés par PIXE et RBS sur l'accélérateur AGLAE et par micro-spectrométrie Raman. Dans tous ces cas, l'or est un alliage Au-Ag dont la teneur en argent va de ~5 % en poids pour les deux céramiques à ~ 15 % pour les tesselles. Les épaisseurs des « dorures » sont de 3-5 µm pour la céramique vietnamienne et de 1 µm pour les autres. Une couche d'argent, bien accrochée, est observée à l'interface alliage Au-Ag/céramique et il est probable qu'elle résulte de la diffusion à la cuisson. De ce travail on peut conclure que la dorure des tesselles du VIIIe s. a été réalisée à partir d'une feuille d'or alliée recouverte de verre fondu, que celle de la céramique du XVe s. a été cuite avec les émaux et brunie à la pierre dure, alors que la porcelaine du XIXe s. a été décorée à l'or « liquide ».To date, the ancient gilding technologies of glasses and ceramics, and their history, are not well documented. In this paper three examples, Umayyad tesserae (beginning of the 8th century, Qusayr 'Amra, Jordan), a “Kinran-de” Vietnamese porcelain (Cu Lao Cham shipwreck, middle 15th century) and an English Bone China (Rockingham, beginning 19th century) have been analysed by optical microscopy, µ-Raman scattering, PIXE and RBS (AGLAE). In all cases the gold coating consists of an Au-Ag alloy, -5 % wt for both the ceramics and 15 % wt for the glass tesserae. A silver film is observed at the interface between the gold film and the silicate substrate, which remains partly when the gilding has been eliminated. Film formation is assigned to a segregation at the interface during the firing. It can be conclude that the 8th c. tesserae gold foil has been covered by molten glass, the 15thc. ceramic gold have been fired with the glaze and then burnished and the 19th c. Bone China has been decorated using liquid gold

High Shunt Resistance SnO2-PbO Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Used in Low Lighting Applications

Hybrid perovskites are promising materials for new sustainable photovoltaic applications to operate under low lighting conditions, such as the reuse of residual photons that are wasted during indoor lighting. The requirements for a perovskite solar cell (PSC) to offer maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) under low illumination conditions are not totally clear in the literature. In this work, the PCE of the commonly used SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) is improved by a facile method, doping the precursor nanoparticles with small concentrations of a Pb source. Under low illumination conditions (i.e., 0.1 mW cm−2) the PCE is enhanced from 18.8% to 34.2%. From a complete analysis of the ETLs and devices using several structural and electrical techniques it is observed that the parameter that improves the most is the shunt resistance of the device which avoids the parallel leakage of the photogenerated current. The present work clearly shows that the shunt resistance is a very important parameter that needs to be optimized in PSCs for low illumination conditions.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume IThis work was supported by the Project on Collaborative Innovation and Environmental Construction Platform of Guangdong Province (No. 2018A050506067). The authors also thank the financial support from the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. y807j71001), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development (Grant No. Y909kp1001), and the Key Project on Synergy Collaborative Innovation of Guangzhou City (No. 201704030069). University Jaume I is also acknowledged for financial support (No. UJI-B2020-49)

ASSESSMENT OF GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND ACTIVE TECTONICS IN CON VOI MOUNTAIN RANGE AREA (NORTHERN VIETNAM) USING THE HYPSOMETRIC CURVE ANALYSIS METHOD

the Day Nui Con Voi (DNCV) area of Vietnam. For this purpose, a spatial database was collected and constructed, including DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and a geological map. The hypsometric curve (HC) analysis method and its statistical moments were adopted to use for the assessment. These methods have been widely used for the assessment of geomorphic processes and active tectonics in many areas in the world showing promising results. A total of 44 sub-basins of the Red River and the Chay river were analyzed. The result shows that 3 curve-types such as "straight- shape", "S- shape", and concave were found; with the concave curve being the dominant and widely distributed in the northeast side and in the south of the southwestern side of the study area. The hypsometric integral (HI) values are rather small with the largest value is 0.37 and the smallest one is 0.128. Other statistical moments of the hypsometric curve, i.e. skew (SK), kurtosis (KUR), and the density function (density skew - DSK and density kurtosis-DKUR) show great values, which increased in the south direction of the area study. Accordingly, recent active tectonics (uplift-lower) in the study area is generally weak; however, they are also not completely homogeneous and can be distinguished by different levels. The southwestern side is being lifted higher than the northeastern side. The northern part is being lifted larger than the southern part. In the region, the uplift activities were increased gradually in the Pliocene-Quaternary and could have stopped at certain time in the past. The current geomorphic processes are mainly headward erosion in the upstream.References Allen, C.R., Gillepie, A.R., Han, Y., Sieh, K.E., Zhu, C., 1984. Red River and associated faults, Yunnan province, China: Quaternary geology, slip rates, and seismic hazard, Geological Society of America Bulletin,  686-700, 21 fig.Azor, A., Keller, E.A., Yeats, R.S., 2002. Geomorphic indicators of active fold growth: South Mountain-Oak Ridge anticline, Ventura basin, southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 745-753.Chen, Y.C., Sung, Q., Cheng, K.Y., 2003. Along-strike variations of morphotectonic features in the Western Foothills of Taiwan: tectonic implications based on stream gradient and hypsometric analysis. Geomorphology 56, 109-137.Delcaillau, B., Deffontaines, B., Floissac, L., Angelier, J., Deramond, J., Souquet, P., Chu, H.T., Lee, J.F., 1998. Morphotectonic evidence from lateral propagation of an active frontal fold; Pakuashan anticline, foothills of Taiwan. Geomorphology 24, 263-290.Delcaillau, B., Laville, E., Amhrar, M., Namous, M., Dugué, O., Pedoja, K., 2010. Quaternary evolution of the Marrakech High Atlas and morphotectonic evidence of activity along the Tizi N'Test Fault, Morocco. Geomorphology 118, 262-279.El Hamdouni, R., Irigaray, C., Fernández, T., Chacón, J., Keller, E.A., 2008. Assessment of relative active tectonics, southwest border of the Sierra Nevada (southern Spain). Geomorphology 96, 150-173.Font, M., Amorese, D., Lagarde, J.L., 2010. DEM and GIS analysis of the stream gradient index to evaluate effects of tectonics: the Normandy intraplate area (NW France). Geomorphology 119, 172-180.Gardner, T.W., Sasowsky, K.C., Day, R.L., 1990. Automated extraction of geomorphometric properties from digital elevation models. Zeischrift für Geomorphologie Supplemental Band 80, 57-68.Harlin, J.M., 1978. Statistical moments of the hypsometric curve and its density function. Mathematical Geology 10, 59-72.Howard, A.D., 1990. Role of hypsometry and planform in basin hydrologic response. Hydrological Processes 4, 373-385.Huang, X.J., Niemann, J.D., 2006. Modelling the potential impacts of groundwater hydrology on long-term drainage basin evolution. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, 1802-1823.Joshi, P.N,. Maurya, D.M., Chamyal, L.S., 2013. Morphotectonic segmentation and spatial variability of neotectonic activity along the Narmada-Son Fault, Western India: Remote sensing and GIS analysis. Geomorphology 180-181 (2013) 292-306.Keller, E.A., Pinter, N., 2002. Active Tectonics. Earthquakes, Uplift and Landscape. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 362.Le Duc An, 2003. About the exhumation of metamorphic rocks of Con Voi range. Journal of Sciences of the Earth,No.1, 93-95 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Le Duc An, Dao Dinh Bac, Uong Dinh Khanh, Vo Thinh, Tran Hang Nga, Ngo Tuan Anh, Nguyen Thi Le Ha, 2004. Geomorphology of Red River Fault Zone and natural hazard.P 459-532. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Le Duc An, Lai, Huy Anh, Vo Thinh, Ngo Tuan Anh, Do Minh Tuan, Tran Hang Nga, 2001. Steps of relief of Convoi Mountain characteristics. Journal of Sciences of the Earth, 23(2), 97-104. (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Leloup, P.H., Arnaud, N., Lacassin, R., Kienast, J.R., Harrison, T.M., Trinh, P.T., Replumaz, A., Tapponnier, P., 2001. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, SE Asia, Journal of Geophysical Research, B, v. 106, 6683-6732.Leloup, P.H., Chen Wenji, Harrison, T.M., Tapponnier, P., 1994. Timing of shear sense inversion along the Red River fault zone. Int. Workshop on Seismotectonics and Seismic Hazard in South East Asia, Hanoi.Leloup, P.H., Lacasin, Tapponnier, P., Scharer, U., Dalai, Z., Xaohan, L., Zhangshan, Shaocheng, J., Trinh, P.T., 1995. The Ailao Shan -  Red Rive shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of  Indochina. Tectonophysics, v. 251,  pp. 3-84.Leloup, P.H., Lacassin, R., Tapponnier, P., Harrison, T.M., 2001. Comment on “Onset timing of left-lateral movement along the Ailao Shan±Red River Shear Zone: 40Ar/39Ar dating constraint from the Nam Dinh Area, northeastern Vietnam” by Wang et al., 2000. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 18, 281-292. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20, 95-99.Lifton, N. A., Chase, C.G., 1992. Tectonic, climatic and lithologic influences on landscape fractal dimension and hypsometry: implications for landscape evolution in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Geomorphology 5, 77-114.Luo, W., 1998. Hypsometric analysis with a geographic information system. Computers Geosciences, Vol. 245, No. 8, 815-821.Luo, W., 2000. Quantifying groundwater- sapping landforms with a hypsometric technique. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. El, Pages 1685-1694, January 25.Mahmood, S. A., and Gloaguen, R.,  2012. Appraisal of active tectonics in Hindu Kush: Insights from DEM derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis. Geoscience Frontiers 3(4), 407-428.Moglen, G.E., Bras, R.L., 1995. The effect of spatial heterogeneities on geomorphic expression in a model of basin evolution. Water Resources Research 31, 2613-2623.Ngo Van Liem, 2011. Characteristics of landform evolution in relation to recent geodynamics along the Red River Fault Zone, Doctorate thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences, Hanoi (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Ngo Van Liem, Phan Trong Trinh, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2006. The active faults and the maximum earthquakes of the Red River Fault zone in Lao Cai-Yen Bai area, Journal of Sciences of the Earth, Vol. 28, (2), 110-120 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Ngo Van Liem, Phan Trong Trinh, Nguyen Van Huong, Nguyen Cong Quan, Tran Van Phong, Nguyen Phuc Dat, 2016. Analyze the correlation between the geomorphic indices and recent tectonic active of the Lo River fault zone in southwest of Tam Dao range. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 38, No. 1, 1-13 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Nguyen Quoc Cuong., Zuchiewicz, W., Tokarski. A. K., 1999. Morphotectonic evidence for right-lateral normal slip in the Red River Fault Zone: insights from the study on Tam Dao fault scarp (Viet Nam), J. Geology, Seri B, 13-14, 57-59.Nguyen Xuan Nam, 2015. Quaternary Geology characteristics, present-day tectonic geomorphology of the Da river valley from HoaBinh to Viet Tri and correlation with geological hazards. Doctorate Thesis. Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Ohmori, H., 1993. Changes in the hypsometric curve through mountain building resulting from concurrent tectonics and denudation. Geomorphology 8, 263-277.Pedrera, A., Pérez-Peña, J.V., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Azañón, J.M., Azor, A., 2009. Testing the sensitivity of geomorphic indices in areas of low-rate active folding (eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain). Geomorphology 105, 218-231.Pérez-Peña, J.V., Azañón, J.M., Azor, A., 2009. CalHypso: An ArcGIS extension to calculate hypsometric curves and their statistical moments. Applications to drainage basin analysis in SE Spain. Computers Geosciences 35, 1214-1223.Phan Trong Trinh, Hoang Quang Vinh, Leloup Philippe Hervé, Giuliani, G., Vincent Garnier., Tapponnier, P., 2004. Cenozoic deformation, thermodynamic evolution, slip mechanism of Red River shear zone and ruby formation. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi. P5-72 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Phan Trong Trinh, Ngo Van Liem, Nguyen Van Huong, Hoang Quang Vinh, Bui Van Thom, Bui Thi Thao, Mai Thanh Tan, Nguyen Hoang, 2012. Late Quaternary tectonics and seismotectonics along the Red River fault zone, North Vietnam. Earth-Science Reviews 114, 224-235.Phan Van Quynh, Vo Nang Lac, and Tran Ngoc Nam, 1995. Some features of late Paleozoic-Cenozoic deformation tectonics on the territory of Vietnam and neighboring areas. In: Geology, Mineral Resources and Petroleum of Vietnam. Geological Survey of Vietnam, Hanoi, 171-183 (in Vietnamese with an English abstract).Phung Thi Thu Hang, 2011. Study and comparison recent active tectonics between the Red River and the Dien Bien - Lai Chau Fault Zones base on geomorphic indices. Master thesis. VNU University of Science, Hanoi.Shahzad, F., and Gloaguen, R., 2011. TecDEM: AMATLAB based tool box for tectonic geomorphology, Part 1: Drainage network preprocessing and stream profile analysis. Computers Geosciences 37, 250-260.Strahler, A.N., 1952. Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geological Society of America Bulletin 63, 1117-1142.Strahler, A.N., 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 38, 913-920.Tran Dinh To, 2002. The characterize of  Neotectonics of Red River-Chay River Fault Zone. Doctorate Thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences, Hanoi, (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Dinh To, Duong Chi Cong, Vy Quoc Hai, Matthias Becker, Marina Neuman, 2003. Activity  of Red River fault zone at Tam Dao-Ba Vi derived from GPS data (1994-1996-1998-2000). Journal of Sciences of the Earth, 25(4)PC, 511-515 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Dinh To, Nguyen Trong Yem, 2001.Amplitude and rate of slip of the Red River Zone in late Cenozoic. Journal of Sciences of the Earth, 23(4), 334-353. (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Ngoc Nam, 1999. Red River Fault zone - focus of the scientific debate. Part II: P-T-t paths and post-metamorphic exhumation, Journal of Sciences of the Earth, No.3, 161-167 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Ngoc Nam, 2002. Exhumation mechanisms of the Day Nui Con Voi. Journal of Sciences of the Earth, No.3,  286-288 (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Ngoc Nam, Mitsuhiro Toriumi, TetsumaruItaya, 1998. P-T-t paths and post-metamorphic exhumation of the Day Nui Con Voi shear zone in Vietnam. Tectonophysics 290, 299-318.Tran Ngoc Nam., Toriumi, M., Sano, Y., Terada, K., Ta, T.T.,, 2003. 2.9, 2.36, and 1.96 Ga zircons in orthogneiss south of the Red River shear zone in Viet Nam: evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb dating and tectonothermal implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, 743-753.Trinh Thi Thuy, 2014. Assessment of modern tectonic activity of the Son La fault zones on the basis of tectonic geomorphology. Master thesis. The University of Science - Vietnam National University, Hanoi (In Vietnamese with English abstract).Wang, P.L., Lo, C.H., Chung, S.L., Lee T.Y., Lan, C.Y., Thang, T.V., 2000. Onset timing of left-lateral movement along the Ailao Shan±Red River Shear Zone: 40Ar/39Ar dating constraint from the Nam Dinh Area, northeastern Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Volume 18, Issue 3, 1 June 2000, 281-292.Willgoose, G., 1994. A physical explanation for an observed area-slope-elevation relationship for catchments with declining relief. Water Resources Research 30, 151-159.Willgoose, G., Hancock, G., 1998. Revisiting the hypsometric curve as an indicator of form and process in transport-limited catchment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23, 611-623.Zuchiewicz, W., Nguyen Quoc Cuong, Jerzy Zasadni, Nguyen Trong Yem, 2013. Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Red River Fault Zone, Vietnam, in the light of geomorphic studies. Journal of Geodynamics 69, 11-30. 

Comparative Bioactivity Analysis for Off-the-Shelf and Culture–Rescued Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in a Xeno- and Serum-Free Culture System

We recently reported a standardized xeno- and serum-free culture platform to isolate and expand umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs). Comparing populations from the same passage, cells that were cryopreserved and culture-rescued exhibited characteristics similar to those of their fresh counterparts, continuously cultured cells without interim cryopreservation. The culture rescue after thawing allowed for the cells to be fully recovered. However, since it would be more cost-effective and timesaving if cryopreserved cells can be used as an off-the-shelf product, we set out to compare the bioactivity of freshly thawed UC-MSCs versus culture-rescued UC-MSCs of the same batch that were recultured for an additional passage under our xeno- and serum-free protocol. UC-MSCs showed high viability in both the freshly thawed and the re-cultured group. Both populations displayed a similar proliferation capacity which is indicated by a comparable population doubling time and colony-forming ability. Both freshly thawed and culture-rescued UC-MSCs expressed the characteristic immunophenotype and were capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. On the other hand, culture-rescued cells appeared to be more potent in immunosuppression than freshly thawed cells. In conclusion, freshly thawed and culture-rescued cell products share comparable bioactivity in cell growth and proliferation, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential. However, the culture-rescued cells that were allowed to grow for an additional passage appear to display a more favorable immunomodulatory potential when compared to their freshly thawed parent cells