Determining the Stress Pattern in the HH Railroad Ties due to Dynamic Loads

This paper deals with the determination of the stress propagation in the HH10 type of steel railroad ties under dynamic loads. The HH10 type of steel ties were tested for fatigue at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Simultaneously with the laboratory fatigue tests, I was modelling the stress distribution in the tie due to the dynamic loads with using finite-element software `ABAQUS´. After the introduction, the laboratory arrangement of the tie fatigue test will described in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 details the steps in building up the finite-element model of the `HH´ railroad ties. In Chapter 4, the stress pattern and numerical values for the stresses and displacements of the tie due to dynamic loads as results of the finite-element program will be presented. The most important results will be summarized in Chapter 5

INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERNAL FORCES OF THE FIRST TRACK CONSTRUCTED WITH Y-SHAPE STEEL SLEEPERS UNDER OPERATION IN HUNGARY SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH

The Hungarian State Railways (MÁV Rt.) plans to reconstruct the tracks with short rails and rail joints in its trunk line network by continuously welded rails, that is possible by applying, among other technical solutions, the Y-shape steel sleepers. The first track with Y-shape steel sleepers was constructed in Hungary in November 2003, in the Szabadbattyán - Tapolca railway line at the stop of Badacsony. As a consequence of the application of the Y-shape steel sleepers, a continuously welded rail track has been constructed in a curve with a radius of R=300 m, where previously there had to be rail gaps and rail joints with the concrete sleepers. On behalf of the Hungarian State Railways (MÁV Rt.), the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Highway and Railway Engineering carried out research series on the track with Y-shape steel sleepers under operation. The series of track measurements had the following aims: 1. to assess the technical parameters of the track with Y-shape steel sleepers, 2. to compare the technical parameters of the Y-shape steel sleepered track with those of a track with concrete sleepers, 3. to determine how these parameters change with time. The track measurements included three series: 1. determining the displacements of the sleepers and the rails under dynamic load of a locomotive, 2. measuring the lateral displacement of the track in a curve, perpendicular to its centre line due to the change of temperature between the variation summer and winter, 3. assessing the graph of the track examination coach. In this paper, the first two subjects will be discussed. The third theme of the research will be investigated in another paper. In Chapter 2, the Y-shape steel sleepers and the tracks constructed with them are described technically in general. The first track section constructed with Y-shape steel sleepers in Hungary is introduced in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the measurements and their results carried out on the track with Y-shape steel sleepers in Hungary. An evaluation of the results and of the track is given in Chapter 5

Solutions of Omitting Rail Expansion Joints in Case of Steel Railway Bridges with Wooden Sleepers

The Technical Specifications of D.12/H. of Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) specifies that a continuously welded rail (CWR) track can be constructed through a bridge without being interrupted if the expansion length of the bridge is not longer than 40 m. If the expansion length of a bridge is greater than 40 m, the continuously welded rail should normally be interrupted; a rail expansion joint has to be constructed. The goal of this research is to provide technical solutions of track structures on bridges so a continuously welded rail can be constructed through the bridge from an earthwork without interruption, so rail expansion joints can be omitted

Investigation of internal forces in the rail due to the interaction of CWR tracks and steel railway bridges with ballasted track superstructure

The technical specifications of D.12/H of Hungarian State Railways specifies that a continuously welded rail track can be constructed through a bridge without being interrupted if the expansion length of the bridge is no longer than 40 m. If the expansion length is greater than 40 m, rail expansion joints have to be constructed. The aim of the research is to create finite-element models with which the interaction of continuously welded rail track and steel railway bridges can be calculated and to provide technical solutions of track structures on bridges with ballasted track so rail expansion joints can be omitted

A Modern Look at the Right to a Civil Jury Trial Under the Maine Constitution

The right to a civil jury trial is a cornerstone of the American legal system. The Maine Constitution promises an even broader right to a civil jury trial than is offered by the federal Constitution and many other states. Article I, Section 20 states: “In all civil suits, and in all controversies concerning property, the parties shall have a right to a trial by jury, except in cases where it has heretofore been otherwise practiced.” The exception in the provision has been the subject of multiple interpretations by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, sitting as the Law Court, since the ratification of the Maine Constitution in 1820. This has resulted in inconsistency in Maine case law, as well as a significant shift in the right to a civil jury trial over time. After almost 100 years of interpreting Article I, Section 20 in a manner consistent with its text, the Law Court made an about-face in 1983, applying a dichotomous interpretation and narrowing the jury trial right protected by the Maine Constitution in State v. Anton. Reasoning that no civil suit at common law would have been comparable to the proceeding in question, the court in Anton concluded that there is no right to a jury trial in traffic infraction proceedings. The court applied this erroneous interpretation for several years, substituting the well-settled interpretation of the Seventh Amendment of the federal Constitution for an independent, proper interpretation of Article I, Section 20. In 1987, the Law Court abruptly reversed course in City of Portland v. DePaolo, holding that the defendant had a right to a jury trial in an action involving violation of the City of Portland’s anti-pornography ordinance, a cause of action that did not exist at common law. With minimal analysis or explanation, the court corrected its prior interpretation of the provision, broadening the right to a civil jury trial under Maine law and reclaiming the power of the Maine Constitution in determining the legal rights of Maine citizens. This Comment will discuss the evolution of the right to a civil jury trial in the state of Maine based on the court’s shifting interpretation of Article I, Section 20

Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide) in the Treatment of Lyme Disease and Babesiosis: Report of Experience in Three Cases

Three patients, each of whom had required intensive open-ended antimicrobial therapy for control of the symptoms of chronic relapsing neurological Lyme disease and relapsing babesiosis, were able to discontinue treatment and remain clinically well for periods of observation of 6−23 months following the completion of a finite course of treatment solely with disulfiram. One patient relapsed at six months and is being re-treated with disulfiram