Distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in study subjects stratified by BMI.

<p>Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, and family history of diabetes.</p><p>The abbreviations used see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071985#pone-0071985-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071985#pone-0071985-t002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study population.

<p>Data are mean ± SD values.</p><p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-beta, homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; NGT, normal-glucose tolerant; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>a<p>Calculated using fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) levels.</p

Comparison of clinical characteristics between subjects with and without the Pro12Ala variant of PPARγ2.

<p>All data are means±SD.</p><p>The abbreviations used see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071985#pone-0071985-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071985#pone-0071985-t002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p>a<p>Calculated using fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) levels.</p>b<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p

Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

<p>Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, and family history of diabetes.</p><p>Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. The other abbreviations used see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071985#pone-0071985-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Flaxseed Oil Alleviates Chronic HFD-Induced Insulin Resistance through Remodeling Lipid Homeostasis in Obese Adipose Tissue

Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) levels were intimately associated with lower prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the understanding of bioactivity and potential mechanism of α-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil (ALA-FO) against insulin resistance was still limited. This study evaluated the effect of FO on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice focused on adipose tissue lipolysis. Mice after HFD feeding for 16 weeks (60% fat-derived calories) exhibited systemic insulin resistance, which was greatly attenuated by medium dose of FO (M-FO), paralleling with differential accumulation of ALA and its n-3 derivatives across serum lipid fractions. Moreover, M-FO was sufficient to effectively block the metabolic activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), thereby improving adipose tissue insulin signaling. Importantly, suppression of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α were involved in FO-mediated modulation of adipose tissue lipolysis, accompanied by specific reconstitution of n-3PUFA within adipose tissue lipid fractions

ROC curves and corresponding AUCs for PCOS using models without or with serum Hsp70 level.

<p>The AUC in model 1 was 0.822 (95% CI 0.744-0.900), and that in a model with serum Hsp70 level plus the model 1 was 0.884 (95% CI 0.822-0.946); <i>P</i> = 0.015 for the difference of the AUCs. The established conventional model here consists of age, BMI, GI, HOMA-IR, CHO and TG.</p

Serum MDA (A), NO (B), 8-OHdG (C), CRP (D) and TNF-α (E) concentrations PCOS individuals and controls.

<p>Box plot demonstrating the higher serum levels of MDA (A), 8-OHdG (B), NO (C), CRP (D) and TNF-α (E) in PCOS versus control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.011, <i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively).</p

Flow chart of articles selection for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

<p>Flow chart of articles selection for this systematic review and meta-analysis.</p

Meta-regression between male percentage and the effects of aspirin on risk of MI or stroke.

<p>(A) Log relative risk of stroke in relation to male percentage in all people. (B) Log relative risk of MI in relation to male percentage in diabetic patients. (C) Log relative risk of stroke in relation to male percentage in diabetic patients. The gray bonds in each figure are confidence interval. The size of the bubble represents the value of the weight. MI = myocardial infarction.</p

Design of trials included in the meta-analysis.

<p>*Median year follow-up.</p><p>PHS = Physicians Health Study. BDT = British Doctor's Trial. TPT = Thrombosis Prevention Trial. HOT = Hypertension Optimal Treatment trial. PPP = Primary Prevention Project.WHS = Women's Health Study. POPADAD = Prevention of Progression of Arterial Disease and Diabetes trial. JPAD = Japanese primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis with Aspirin for Diabetes trial. AAA = Aspirin for Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis trial. ETDRS = the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. APLASA = Antiphospholipid Antibody Acetyl-salicylic Acid study. ECLAP = European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera study. CLIPS = Critical Leg Ischaemia Prevention Study. ACBS = Asymptomatic Cervical Bruit Study.</p><p>MCEs = major cardiovascular events; MI = myocardial infarction.</p><p>Design of trials included in the meta-analysis.</p