Letter, 1951 April 16, from Goddard Lieberson to Eva Jessye

1 page, Jessye was unable to attened the recording of Porgy and Bess . Lieberson was the Executive Vice President of Columbia Records Inc

Attitudes and Knowledge about Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) among Family Medicine Physicians and IBS Patients

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), which is biopsychosocial in nature, with a gut-brain interaction. IBS has no biological marker and is often diagnosed through exclusion of other diagnostic possibilities, making it challenging to treat and often frustrating for individuals who suffer from it. Most IBS patients will first present at their family medicine physicians’ offices, as it is the most common FGID. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in knowledge about IBS and whether there were negative attitudes toward IBS among family medicine physicians and among patients diagnosed with IBS. Family medicine physicians, including family medicine residents, and IBS patients, completed surveys to study their attitudes toward and knowledge about IBS, including demographic questionnaires, an attitudes measure, and a 14-item knowledge questionnaire. This study found that IBS patients and family medicine physicians both lack knowledge about IBS. This study also found that family medicine physicians perceive more of a lack of control over IBS, perceive more negative emotions related to IBS, and perceive IBS to be more chronic, compared to IBS patients. Further, IBS patients perceive their IBS to be more puzzling and mysterious to them compared to family medicine physicians. Due to these results, more education and training is needed about IBS for family medicine physicians, who can then educate their patients appropriately about the condition

The Effect of Model and Product Type on Advertising Effectiveness: Comparing Fitness and Fashion Brands

Previous research suggests that people high in social comparison and body dissatisfaction perceive advertisements with thin models poorly because such advertisements increase body-related anxiety. Other research has shown that people are more willing to purchase items modeled by thin models than natural models due to social desirability. The current study investigated whether the product type and model\u27s body type interact to impact advertising effectiveness. Participants viewed a fashion or fitness advertisement with either a thin, average, or plus-sized model. Then, participants reported how effective they thought the advertisement was, how much they compared themselves to others and their feelings regarding their body image. The results showed no effect of product type on the dependent variables, but there was an effect of model type on advertising effectiveness: Participants who viewed thin and average models rated the advertisement as more effective than participants who viewed a plus-sized model. Additionally, body satisfied individuals compared themselves more to the model, rating the advertisement as less effective. This research provides evidence that although it is commendable that advertising companies are using plus-sized models, utilizing these types of advertisements may be less effective in eliciting positive attitudes toward their brands

Potential application of hydrogen in traumatic and surgical brain injury, stroke and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

This article summarized findings of current preclinical studies that implemented hydrogen administration, either in the gas or liquid form, as treatment application for neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI), surgically induced brain injury (SBI), stroke, and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain insult (HI). Most reviewed studies demonstrated neuroprotective effects of hydrogen administration. Even though anti-oxidative potentials have been reported in several studies, further neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen therapy remain to be elucidated. Hydrogen may serve as an adjunct treatment for neurological disorders

Spatial segregation measures: a methodological review

Quantitative indices of segregation are powerful tools for summarising the spatial relationships between population groups and thereby providing the basis for analysis and public policy intervention. While the broad concept of segregation may be intuitive, measurement is challenging because of the complexity of varied dimensions and spatial arrangements. Many traditional measures can be criticised for over-simplification or over-reduction, not least in their treatment of geographical space. Over the last several decades, however, a series of measures has been developed to explicitly incorporate the spatial arrangement of population groups as well as their interactions. This paper reviews the development of spatial segregation measures, particularly focusing on the mathematical formulation of spatial arrangement/relations. In addition, several related issues are discussed, including representation of spatial interaction, spatial scale and statistical inferences. Also, this paper presents an overview of existing software tools that are readily available for calculating some of the reviewed measures. Finally, discussions on challenges and future research are provided

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor (Traf)2 Represses the T Helper Cell Type 2 Response through Interaction with Nfat-Interacting Protein (Nip45)

Recently we have identified a novel protein NIP45 (nuclear factor of activated T cells [NFAT]-interacting protein) which substantially augments interleukin (IL)-4 gene transcription. The provision of NIP45 together with NFAT and the T helper cell type 2 (Th2)-specific transcription factor c-Maf to cells normally refractory to IL-4 production, such as B cells or Th1 clones, results in substantial IL-4 secretion to levels that approximate those produced by primary Th2 cells. In studies designed to further our understanding of NIP45 activity, we have uncovered a novel facet of IL-4 gene regulation. We present evidence that members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (TRAF) family of proteins, generally known to function as adapter proteins that transduce signals from the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, contribute to the repression of IL-4 gene transcription and that this effect is mediated through their interaction with NIP45

The Dual Imperative in Refugee Research: Some Methodological and Ethical Considerations in Social Science Research on Forced Migration

Social scientists doing fieldwork in humanitarian situations often face a dual imperative: research should be both academically sound and policy relevant. We argue that much of the current research on forced migration is based on unsound methodology, and that the data and subsequent policy conclusions are often flawed or ethically suspect. The paper identifies some key methodological and ethical problems confronting social scientists studying forced migrants or their hosts. These problems include non-representativeness and bias, issues arising from working in unfamiliar contexts including translation and the use of local researchers, and ethical dilemmas including security and confidentiality issues and whether researchers are doing enough to ‘do no harm’. The second part of the paper reviews the authors’ own efforts to conduct research on urban refugees in Johannesburg. It concludes that while there is no single ‘best practice’ for refugee research, refugee studies would advance their academic and policy relevance by more seriously considering methodological and ethical concerns