Monopelopia caraguata (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae: Pentaneurini) and Phytotelmatocladius delarosai (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) : Two Phytotelmatous Chironomids Distributed from Florida to Argentina

Fil: Siri, Augusto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; Argentin

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Harpellales in Newfoundland Aquatic Insect Larvae

Among nine Harpellales (Trichomycetes) reported from aquatic insect larvae collected in New- foundland, Canada, four new species are described: Harpellomyces abruptus [living in Thaumalea verralli (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)], Orphella avalonensis [in Leuctra ferruginea (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) ], Stachy- lina litoralis [in Telmatogeton japonicus (Diptera: Chi- ronomidae)], and an unnamed species of Smittium (in Chironomidae) from which an axenic culture was obtained. Other Harpellales were from Simuliidae (Harpella melusinae, Pennella simulii, Simuliomyces microsporus), Chironomidae (Stachylina robusta), and an unnamed new genus in caddis fly larvae (Trichop- tera). Low vagility of Plecoptera and the occurrence of different species of Orphella in the USA and Eu- rope suggest that the genus existed before the North Atlantic formed a barrier as the continents separated. It is hypothesized that vicariant speciation may have occurred in Orphella as well as in Harpellomyces from Thaumaleidae larva

Typification of \u3cem\u3eSmittium\u3c/em\u3e, an Important Genus in the Taxonomy of Harpellales

The Harpellales genus Smittium is based on a type species, S. arvernense, which was described by Poisson in 1937 without designation of a type specimen. Smittium arvernense has not been reported since its original publication. Because the other 79 species of Smittium cannot be compared to the type species, a lectotype is proposed as well as an epitype for that lectotype that is also the holotype of S. mucronatum. Because Smittium is believed to be polyphyletic these type designations will provide stable application of names and, as well resolved phylogenetic analyses of member species emerge based on morphological and DNA sequence characters, they will provide a foundation for a more robust and revised classification

Molecular Variation within and among Species of Harpellales

Intra- and interspecific variation of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of 77 Smittium isolates and related genera was studied using RFLP. Due to the sequence and length variation encountered, the ITS is unsuitable for comparison at the species level within Smittium, as presently delimited. Intra- and interspecific variation of 18S rDNA was also analyzed. Cladistic analysis of 32 new 18S rDNA sequences resolved at least five lineages and suggests that Smittium is not monophyletic. In addition, 17 18S rDNA sequences from 5 orders of Zygomycota were included to assess phylogenetic relationships with the Trichomycetes. The kickxellid origin of Trichomycetes was not strongly supported