ASSESS PREDIABETES RISK, AS A GOLDEN PERIOD FOR PREVENTION OF DIABETES

 Objective: Prediabetes is a high-risk condition for diabetes development and several other health outcomes later in life, but little is known about the factors associated with this condition. On the other hand, by predicting the risk of prediabetes, it is also a golden period for prevent or delay the diabetes conversion. The aim here was to assess the prevalence, risk factor that associated, and build a model to assess prediabetes risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. Data were collected during January until May 2016. We recruited adult age >15 years from 16 districts in Palembang. Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical history data were measured by standard methods. Capillary blood glucose was measured by finger prick test, followed by confirmatory oral glucose tolerance tests.Results: Of a total of 1241 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes was 27.8% (345 participants) and 72.2% (896 participants) and those were normal blood glucose. Employment, age, exercise, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, waist circumference, and hypercholesterol history were screened out as independent factors to build the prediction risk model.Conclusion: The prediabetes prediction model can be used easily and understood by health-related users to assess prediabetes risk. The intervention program, designed based on our prediabetes model to prevent or delay the conversion of prediabetes to diabetes in the population. The discovery of pharmacological therapies to prevent further conversion is needed.Â

Hubungan Obesitas dengan Kejadian Prediabetes pada Wanita Usia Produktif

Prediabetes merupakan kondisi kadar glukosa darah seseorang diatas nilai normal namun belum memenuhi kriteria diabetes melitus. Wanita memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami prediabetes dibanding pria. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas bersamaan dengan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian prediabetes pada wanita usia produktif. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari–Maret 2016 di Kota Palembang. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah wanita di Kota Palembang yang berusia 18 – 40 tahun dan bersedia menandatangani surat persetujuan untuk mengikuti penelitian.Seluruh data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 22 dan hipotesis akan diuji dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square,untuk mengetahui Odds Ratio digunakan unconditional logistic regression. Pada penelitian ini, diperoleh 196 responden, terdiri dari 98 kasus yakni wanita prediabetes dan 98 kontrol yakni wanita dengan normoglikemik. Pada kelompok kasus, sebagian besar tingkat pendidikan responden adalah tamat SMP maupun SMA (51,7%), memiliki pekerjaan disektor formal (46,1%), berstatus sudah menikah (73%), tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga yang menderita diabetes (83,1%), dan memiliki IMT yang tergolong obesitas (71,9%). Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan dari kelima variabel yakni tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, status marital, riwayat keluarga, dan obesitas, terdapat tiga variabel yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian prediabetes yakni tingkat pendidikan, status marital, dan obesitas.Sedangkan pada analisa multivariat terdapat dua variabel yakni status marital (OR=3,87 CI 95%= 1,98 – 7,60 p value=0,00) dan obesitas (OR=2,63 CI 95%= 1,36 - 5,35 p value=0,05) yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian prediabetes

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG Index) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Background: Insulin Resistance has a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus where there is a decrease in sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The emergence of insulin resistance, 1-2 decades precedes before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is established. This theory is supported by the usefulness of insulin resistance as a marker of future diabetes or the prevention of type 2 diabetes by insulin-sensitizing agents. Recently, there is evidence that has been suggested to measure insulin resistance as surrogate marker by calculated the triglyceride and glucose which is so called as “Fasting triglyceride-glucose index” or can be shorten as “TyG index”. This study reported a systematic review of association between TyG index and type 2 diabetes mellitus from various literatures to make a conclusion as a basis for further research. Methods: A literature search in EBSCOhost, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and NCBI database was performed to retrieve and review studies reporting the association between TyG index and type 2 diabetes. Results: All studies showed that higher TyG index were associated with higher type 2 diabetes (HR 4.36, 10.38, 9.54 for each). Conclusion: This systematic review provides further evidence about higher TyG index is related to higher risk of development type 2 diabetes. It represents that TyG index can predicting the risk of incident T2DM

SHOULD MONO-UNSATURATED AND POLY-UNSATURATED FAT PREVENTS THEPROGRESSIVITY PREDIABETES ON WOMAN?

Most evidence showed that women with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes is a reversible state that can progressive for future complications or regressive to normoglycemic. The weight loss that prevents progressivity from prediabetes can be achieved by regulating dietary composition. The dietary composition may affect pancreatic ?-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Consumption of foods rich in MUFA and PUFA has a positive effect on metabolism, which is associated with an increase in the position of adiponectin, anti-inflammatory cytokines, which increase liver elevation, and reduce atherosclerosis, such as decreased triglycerides, LDL and VLDL and increased HDL. This article explores relevant literature on this subject in order to identify and elaborated the knowledge for further research

ADVANCE STAGE OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA SHOWS HIGH DENSITY OF PLASMA CELLS BUT LOW ANGIOGENESIS

BackgroundTumor microenvironmental of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) containing plasma cells and angiogenesis, however their exact roles remained indeterminate. Plasma cells are important prognostic factors of various malignancies. Angiogenesis can be assessed by evaluating of micro vessel density (MVD). Higher MVD is associated with a poor prognosis in various type of malignancies. The objectives of this study were to investigate the density of plasma cells and MVD in the microenvironment of cHL and to determine the association of both components with the stage of cHL.Materials and methodsThe selected 37 paraffin blocks of cHL cases were sectioned. The clinical staging was performed using modification of Ann Arbor staging system. To assess the density of plasma and endothelial cells, anti-CD138 and anti-CD34 antibodies were employed by immunohistochemistry. The association of plasma cells’densities and MVD with cHL stages was measured by statistical analysis using t-test by STATA version 15 with significant consideration if p <0.05.ResultsIn our cohort cHL was occurred in slightly older patients (?40 years; 53.33%), more in male (60%), and majority with nodal location (86.67%). The subtypes was dominated by lymphocyte rich (43.33%); followed by nodular sclerosing (30%) and mixed cellularity (26.67%), while lymphocyte depleted was not found. Statistical analysis revealed that higher density of plasma cells was significantly correlated to the patient higher stages (p=0.0003). While density of micro vessels is not significant correlation (p=0.5564) to the stages of cHLConclusionHigh densities of plasma cells but not angiogenesis correlate to advance stage of Hodgkin lymphoma

Determinan Kepatuhan Berobat Pasien Hipertensi Pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat I

Abstrak Puskesmas merupakan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama yang berfungsi menjaga kesinambungan pelayanan kesehatan secara paripurna. Hingga saat ini penyakit tidak menular yang masih merupakan tantangan besar di Puskesmas dalam menurunkan angka morbiditas hipertensi adalah adalah tatalaksana hipertensi salah satunya adalah tingkat kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat antihipertensi bagi penderita masih sangat rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan kepatuhan pasien menjalani pengobatan hipertensi dan pengaruhnya terhadap kendali tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di kota Palembang pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017. Sampel adalah pasien yang berobat ke Puskesmas Karyajaya, Kenten, Plaju, Sei Baung, dan Kampus. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 90 pasien. Analisis data dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan Chi Square Test. Determinan yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan pasien hipertensi dalam mengkonsumsi obat adalah lama menderita hipertensi: POR: 0,11, nilai p =0,04 (CI 95% 0,02-0,52).Determinan jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, Indeks Massa Tubuh, keikutansertaan BPJS, dan riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepatuhan berobat pasien hipertensi. Kepatuhan pasien dalam menjalani pengobatan hipertensi juga merupakan determinan yang berpengaruh terhadap kendali tekanan darah responden. Keberhasilan terapi hipertensi di tingkat pelayanan pertama bisa meningkat, maka disarankan bagi tenaga kesehatan memperhatikan lama atau riwayat menderita hipertensi pasien dalam memberikan pelayanan. Abstract Puskesmas is a First Level Health Facility Until now, the management of non-communicable diseases which is still a big challenge in Puskesmas is hypertension. One effort that can be done to reduce the morbidity rate of hypertension is the consumption of antihypertensive, but still few patients who adhere to this treatment.This study aims to analyze the determinants of adherence in patients undergoing treatment of hypertension and how it affects blood pressure control of hypertensive patients. This research is an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in Palembang city from August to October 2017. The samples were patients who went to Puskesmas Karyajaya, Kenten, Plaju, Sei Baung, and Campus which fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 90 patients. Data analysis in this research was univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square Test. Determinant which influence to adherence in this research was duration of hypertension with POR 0,11 with CI 95% 0,02-0,52 (p value = 0,04). While other determinants of gender, age, education level, occupation, Body Mass Index, BPJS participation, and family history of hypertension have no significant effect on hypertension patient’s treatment compliance. Compliance of patients in undergoing treatment of hypertension is also a determinant that affects the control of blood pressure of respondents. The determinants that affect the adherence in this study are duration of hypertension, thus health workers at first-level facility is very necessary attention to a history of hypertension patients in order to improve therapeutic efficacy

Association Between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome among Patients in Primary Public Health Center

Metabolic syndrome is a major challenge to public health throughout the world, about a quarter of the world's adults suffer from metabolic syndrome. Many studies have concluded that differences in the level of physical activity is associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the associated between physical activity and metabolic syndrome in 2 (two) Primary Public Health Center in Palembang City. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 91 subjects that met the criteria. Data on respondents' characteristics were taken from personal data interviews, physical activity was obtained by IPAQ questionnaire, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose obtained by medical records, while anthropometric and blood pressure measurement data were obtained directly through measurements. The results showed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 59.3% in the subject. The majority of the physical activities of the subjects were low (54.9%) followed by moderate (35.2%), and high (9.9%). Inferential analysis shows that there was a significant associated between physical activity and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.003 and POR = 1.785; CI95% = 1.19-2.66)

CORRELATION OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME AND SOFA SCORE ON SEPSIS PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Delay in diagnosis and treatment of sepsis can result in a rapid deterioration in the direction of failed circulation, damage to various organs until death. The rating system that is often used to assess the extent of organ damage and the likelihood of death is the SOFA score. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measurement of average platelet volume (MPV) that has been routinely, but its correlation with SOFA scores in sepsis is not widely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of mean platelet volume (MPV) and SOFA scores in septic patients in the ICU. This research is a descriptive observational study using cross sectional design. The sample size obtained from this study was 87 people. The sample in this study were all patients aged ?18 years who were treated in the intensive care unit of RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, both heavenly and medical, fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of sepsis. The results of correlation analysis using the Pearson test showed that statistically SOFA and MPV scores were positively correlated positively with moderate strength (0.5732). This shows that the increase in MPV is directly proportional to the increase in sofa scores in predicting death in sepsis patients.

THE CORRELATION OF MOBILITY TREND AND SITUATION OF COVID-19 BY COUNTRY, TERRITORY, AND AREA

Each country around the world has taken several approaches in order to stop the spreading of the virus. This study was conducted to correlate the mobility trend and the situation of COVID-19 by country, territory, and area. This research paper adopts an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach for 115 countries from February 17th to August 27th, 2020. Tajikistan (r=0,956) and Italy (r=0,931) has the highest positive correlation for retail and recreations. For grocery,the highest degree of positive correlation is Mongolia (r=0,945) and Tajikistan (r=0,933). Bostwana and Italy showed highest significant positive correlation among countries (r=0,985 and r=0,902, respectively) for transit stations and residential  (r=0,994 and r=0,984). Bostwana also has the highest significant positive correlation for the park (r=0.980). Meanwhile, for the workplace, Mauritius (r=0,863) and Dominica (r=0,785) are countries with the highest degree of positive correlation with a cumulative case of COVID-19. Society's behavior plays an important role by following the government policy in order to slow down the spread of the virus. Retail and recreations, groceries and pharmacy stores, transit stations, parks, and workplaces found to have a significant positive correlation while residential have a significant negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in most countries.  

Gambaran Histologi Ketebalan Jaringan Granulasi Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan dengan Luka Bakar Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun burmanii)

Luka bakar merupakan salah satu cedera yang sering terjadi di masyarakat dan menjadi masalah global di masyarakat. Penyembuhan luka adalah suatu bentuk proses usaha untuk memperbaiki kerusakan yang terjadi pada kulit. Pembentukan jaringan granulasi adalah tahap yang penting dalam fase proliferasi dan penyembuhan luka.Saat ini, selain menggunakan obat modern seperti antibiotika silver sulfadiazine 1%, penelitian untuk pengobatan luka bakar menggunakan bahan-bahan herbal mulai banyak dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Salah satu bahan herbal yang digunakan untuk mengobati luka adalah Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmanii).Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi inovasi baru pemanfaatan kayu manis sebagai penyembuh luka dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai terapi komplementer yang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Silver Sulfadiazine 1%  Dibandingkan Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmanii)pada Proses Pembentukan Jaringan Granulasi Tikus Wistar dengan Luka Bakar Derajat II.Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimentalmenggunakan rancangan penelitian post test only control group designyangdilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2018 di Laboratorium Teknik Kimia Universitas Sriwijaya, di Animal HouseFakultas Kedokteran Unsri dan Laboratorium Patologi RSUP dr.Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Sampel yang digunakan adalahtikus putih sebanyak 30 sampeldibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu I (kontrol negatif), II (diberikan salep ekstrak kayu manisdosis 10%), III (dosis 20%), IV (dosis 40%) dan V (kelompok kontrol positif diberikanSilver Sulfadiazine 1%). Data dianalisisdengan menggunakan program STATA 15 yaitu dengan uji homogenitas, uji OneWay Anovadan dilanjutkan uji post hoc multiple comparisons.