2021 roadmap on lithium sulfur batteries

Abstract: Batteries that extend performance beyond the intrinsic limits of Li-ion batteries are among the most important developments required to continue the revolution promised by electrochemical devices. Of these next-generation batteries, lithium sulfur (Li–S) chemistry is among the most commercially mature, with cells offering a substantial increase in gravimetric energy density, reduced costs and improved safety prospects. However, there remain outstanding issues to advance the commercial prospects of the technology and benefit from the economies of scale felt by Li-ion cells, including improving both the rate performance and longevity of cells. To address these challenges, the Faraday Institution, the UK’s independent institute for electrochemical energy storage science and technology, launched the Lithium Sulfur Technology Accelerator (LiSTAR) programme in October 2019. This Roadmap, authored by researchers and partners of the LiSTAR programme, is intended to highlight the outstanding issues that must be addressed and provide an insight into the pathways towards solving them adopted by the LiSTAR consortium. In compiling this Roadmap we hope to aid the development of the wider Li–S research community, providing a guide for academia, industry, government and funding agencies in this important and rapidly developing research space

Complexes de Ruthénium Bis-Terdentates pour la réalisation d'assemblages photoactivables

Ce mémoire est consacré à la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes bis-terdentates de ruthénium pour leur potentielle utilisation dans des triades photosensibles, ou pour la fabrication de dispositifs photosensibles. La première partie se concentre sur les propriétés photophysiques de deux complexes de RuII bis-terdentates. Le premier est un complexe homoleptique, formé de ligands tridentates comprenant deux sous-unités carbène (CNC), le second est un complexe hétéroleptique composé d'un ligand CNC et d'une terpyridine. Ce complexe hétéroleptique est luminescent à température ambiante, contrairement à ses deux complexes parents homoleptiques. Les propriétés électrochimiques et photoélectrochimiques de complexes de type [M(tpy)2]2+ (M=FeII ou RuII), dont les ligands terpyridine sont substitués par des groupements thiols, sont étudiées dans une seconde partie. Ces complexes électropolymérisent de manière organisée sur des électrodes d'or, par oxydation des thiols en disulfures. Ces propriétés ont été utilisées pour construire des diades [RuII]-[FeII] sur des électrodes d'or, dont le photocourant a pu être mesuré. Dans le dernier chapitre, les propriétés photophysiques et d'électropolymérisation du complexe de ruthénium décrit dans le chapitre 2 sont utilisées pour tenter de fabriquer un transistor pho-toactivable.This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of several bis-terdentate complexes, and their potential use for the construction of photoactive molecular triads, or the fabrication of photoactive devices. The first chapter focuses on the photophysical properties of two new bis-terdentate RuII com-plexes. The first one is a homoleptic complex containing two N-heterocyclic carbene-based ligands (CNC) allowing close-to-perfect octahedral coordination geometry. The second one is a heteroleptic complex bearing a CNC ligand and an ancillary terpyridine ligand. This second complex displays room temperature luminescence whereas both homoleptic terpyridine-based and CNC-based RuII complexes are only luminescent at 77 K. The second chapter describes the electrochemical properties of a [M(tpy)2]2+-type (M = RuII or FeII) complex bearing thiol groups on both of the terpyridines are described. These complexes display electropolymerization properties through oxidation of thiols into disulfides. This phenomenon happens only on gold, suggesting that the polymer chains organize on the surface of the electrodes. Moreover, self-assembled monolayers of the RuII complexes were formed on gold, and their ability to exchange charges with the electrode upon irradiation was studied. Finally, self-organisation and electropolymerization properties were used to form [RuII]-[FeII] diads on a gold surface, and their photoresponse was recorded. The last chapter describes the attempts to construct a molecular photosensitive device by electropolymerizing the RuII complexes depicted in the second chapter in nanogaps between gold electrodes.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Towards a practical use of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state-batteries: Impact of dry room exposure on H2S release and material properties

International audienceAll-solid-state-batteries studies have increased steadily over the past few years. One family of materials gaining particular attention are the moisture sensitive sulfide solid electrolytes, mostly because of their impressive ionic conductivity and their cyclability in lithium-based batteries. Even though we witness a strong interest from batteries and cars manufacturers leading to several partnerships to accelerate the technology development, the literature is mostly dominated by lab scale concerns. In most studies, solid-state-batteries are manufactured in a glove box in order to prevent the exposition of solid electrolytes to moisture. Herein, we propose a study on three sulfide electrolytes, namely in-house Li7P3S11 and Li5.8PS4.8Cl1.2 along with commercial Li6PS5Cl, in a dry room environment (dew point = -40 °C), in order to elucidate 1. the safe handling of sulfide electrolytes regarding its propensity to generate H2S and 2. the resulting material properties after dry room exposure thanks to a set of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry to hypothesize the potential degradation mechanisms occurring at the particle surface. Finally, galvanostatic cycling of Li0.38In0.62-NMC622 cells will be presented to assess the impact of dry room exposure on cell performance. This work is fundamental to any research projects aiming to find suitable processes to manufacture sulfide-based solid-state-batteries at larger scale

Towards a practical use of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state-batteries: Impact of dry room exposure on H2S release and material properties

International audienceAll-solid-state-batteries studies have increased steadily over the past few years. One family of materials gaining particular attention are the moisture sensitive sulfide solid electrolytes, mostly because of their impressive ionic conductivity and their cyclability in lithium-based batteries. Even though we witness a strong interest from batteries and cars manufacturers leading to several partnerships to accelerate the technology development, the literature is mostly dominated by lab scale concerns. In most studies, solid-state-batteries are manufactured in a glove box in order to prevent the exposition of solid electrolytes to moisture. Herein, we propose a study on three sulfide electrolytes, namely in-house Li7P3S11 and Li5.8PS4.8Cl1.2 along with commercial Li6PS5Cl, in a dry room environment (dew point = -40 °C), in order to elucidate 1. the safe handling of sulfide electrolytes regarding its propensity to generate H2S and 2. the resulting material properties after dry room exposure thanks to a set of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry to hypothesize the potential degradation mechanisms occurring at the particle surface. Finally, galvanostatic cycling of Li0.38In0.62-NMC622 cells will be presented to assess the impact of dry room exposure on cell performance. This work is fundamental to any research projects aiming to find suitable processes to manufacture sulfide-based solid-state-batteries at larger scale

Towards the industrialization of solid-state batteries: Impact of dry room exposure on sulfide-based solid electrolyte materials

International audienc

Towards the industrialization of solid-state batteries: Impact of dry room exposure on sulfide-based solid electrolyte materials

International audienc

2021 roadmap on lithium sulfur batteries

Batteries that extend performance beyond the intrinsic limits of Li-ion batteries are among the most important developments required to continue the revolution promised by electrochemical devices. Of these next-generation batteries, lithium sulfur (Li–S) chemistry is among the most commercially mature, with cells offering a substantial increase in gravimetric energy density, reduced costs and improved safety prospects. However, there remain outstanding issues to advance the commercial prospects of the technology and benefit from the economies of scale felt by Li-ion cells, including improving both the rate performance and longevity of cells. To address these challenges, the Faraday Institution, the UK's independent institute for electrochemical energy storage science and technology, launched the Lithium Sulfur Technology Accelerator (LiSTAR) programme in October 2019. This Roadmap, authored by researchers and partners of the LiSTAR programme, is intended to highlight the outstanding issues that must be addressed and provide an insight into the pathways towards solving them adopted by the LiSTAR consortium. In compiling this Roadmap we hope to aid the development of the wider Li–S research community, providing a guide for academia, industry, government and funding agencies in this important and rapidly developing research space