Integrated rocksalt–polyanion cathodes with excess lithium and stabilized cycling

Co- and Ni-free disordered rocksalt cathodes utilize oxygen redox to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, but it is challenging to achieve good cycle life at high voltages >4.5 V (versus Li/Li+). Here we report a family of Li-excess Mn-rich cathodes that integrates rocksalt- and polyanion-type structures. Following design rules for cation filling and ordering, we demonstrate the bulk incorporation of polyanion groups into the rocksalt lattice. This integration bridges the two primary families of lithium-ion battery cathodes—layered/spinel and phosphate oxides—dramatically enhancing the cycling stability of disordered rocksalt cathodes with 4.8 V upper cut-off voltage. The cathode exhibits high gravimetric energy densities above 1,100 Wh kg−1 and >70% retention over 100 cycles. This study opens up a broad compositional space for developing battery cathodes using earth-abundant elements such as Mn and Fe

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

China: Some Exceptions of Secularization Thesis

The aim of this article is to present the controversial features of the secularization thesis about Chinese religions performed via analyzing the newly published Chinese religious policy named The Several Opinions on Further Governance of Commercial Problems in Buddhism and Taoism. This article proposes a complex hypothesis: (1) though the public influence of religion has acquired momentum of expansion in China, the growth and expansion of Chinese religions accompanied the decline of private religiosity; (2) Chinese religions possess controversial features of secularization: though they experience the reduction of their power, range of control, and prestige, meanwhile they embrace the increase in numbers of members, intensity, frequency, and importance of public life; (3) Nonreligious factors play an important role in promoting the growth of Chinese religions temporarily, while religious factors will be responsible for resurgence of Chinese religions chronically. This paper is the first in a series to apply the secularization thesis to Chinese religions

Bailu’s Catholicism in China: Religious Inculturation, Tourist Attraction, or Secularization

My article explores how Catholicism interacts with various forces and players in the local and political arena since it migrated into Bailu, China. My argument is based on extensive fieldwork done at two seminaries and one church there. I have shown that: (1) Catholicism encountered different secular forces and survived through effective interaction with them, (2) a market-oriented economy led to the commercialization of once-authentic religious sites for tourism and economic development, and (3) the secularization of Catholicism results in a unique paradox: Catholicism’s public influence on tourism and economic development has been increasing, while its activities and church attendance have not followed synchronously. This paradox manifests itself in two facts: though the town has benefited from Catholicism’s presence, measured by religious symbols and in numbers have been gradually reduced and even removed; and though its French influence makes this town a tourist destination, the prevailing Chinese culture has not been undermined but reinforced

Clinical Significance of Serum IL-18 and IL-18BP in Patients with Benign or Malignant Primary Liver Tumors

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP in the development and growth of primary liver cancer, benign liver tumors and liver cirrhosis and to determine the value of serum IL-18 and IL-18BP in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. METHODS The serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP in 36 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) were detected. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with various benign liver tumors and 21 patients with cirrhosis of liver (LC), determined by using an ELISA assay. The serum levels of AFP in 36 patients with primary liver cancer were examined. The relationship among levels of serum IL-18, IL-18BP and AFP in the primary liver cancer was explored. RESULTS The sIL-18 levels in PHC were signi fi cantly lower than in control group, the benign liver tumor group and the LC group. The sIL-18BP in PHC was signi fi cantly higher than that in control group, benign liver tumor group and LC group ( P < 0.001). There was a close correlation between the levels of IL-18, IL-18BP and clinical stage in PHC: the later clinical stages had lower levels of IL-18 and higher levels of IL-18BP while the earlier clinical stages had higher levels of IL-18 and lower levels of IL-18BP. There was a negative correlation between serum levels of IL-18 and AFP in the PHC group ( r = -0.7152, n = 36, P < 0.01), and there was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-18 BP and AFP in the patients with PHC (r = 0.6315, n = 36, P < 0.01). The IL-18and IL-18BP in the patients with various benign liver tumors or LC were significantly higher than those in control group. The differences were statistically signifi cant ( P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Serum levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP can reflect the immune function of patients with primary liver cancer, with various benign liver tumors or with LC and can also be indicative of the clinic stage of primary liver cancer. It can be used to assist in making a diagnosis and in determining the clinical stage of PHC. Detecting AFP concurrently can help make the diagnosis of primary liver cancer more precise

A Large-Scale Mouse Pose Dataset for Mouse Pose Estimation

Mouse pose estimations have important applications in the fields of animal behavior research, biomedicine, and animal conservation studies. Accurate and efficient mouse pose estimations using computer vision are necessary. Although methods for mouse pose estimations have developed, bottlenecks still exist. One of the most prominent problems is the lack of uniform and standardized training datasets. Here, we resolve this difficulty by introducing the mouse pose dataset. Our mouse pose dataset contains 40,000 frames of RGB images and large-scale 2D ground-truth motion images. All the images were captured from interacting lab mice through a stable single viewpoint, including 5 distinct species and 20 mice in total. Moreover, to improve the annotation efficiency, five keypoints of mice are creatively proposed, in which one keypoint is at the center and the other two pairs of keypoints are symmetric. Then, we created simple, yet effective software that works for annotating images. It is another important link to establish a benchmark model for 2D mouse pose estimations. We employed modified object detections and pose estimation algorithms to achieve precise, effective, and robust performances. As the first large and standardized mouse pose dataset, our proposed mouse pose dataset will help advance research on animal pose estimations and assist in application areas related to animal experiments

A Large-Scale Mouse Pose Dataset for Mouse Pose Estimation

Mouse pose estimations have important applications in the fields of animal behavior research, biomedicine, and animal conservation studies. Accurate and efficient mouse pose estimations using computer vision are necessary. Although methods for mouse pose estimations have developed, bottlenecks still exist. One of the most prominent problems is the lack of uniform and standardized training datasets. Here, we resolve this difficulty by introducing the mouse pose dataset. Our mouse pose dataset contains 40,000 frames of RGB images and large-scale 2D ground-truth motion images. All the images were captured from interacting lab mice through a stable single viewpoint, including 5 distinct species and 20 mice in total. Moreover, to improve the annotation efficiency, five keypoints of mice are creatively proposed, in which one keypoint is at the center and the other two pairs of keypoints are symmetric. Then, we created simple, yet effective software that works for annotating images. It is another important link to establish a benchmark model for 2D mouse pose estimations. We employed modified object detections and pose estimation algorithms to achieve precise, effective, and robust performances. As the first large and standardized mouse pose dataset, our proposed mouse pose dataset will help advance research on animal pose estimations and assist in application areas related to animal experiments

ORTHOGONAL TEST OPTIMUM RESEARCH FOR THE BOTTOM SLEW PLATFORM OF BELT CONVEYER

A orthogonal test optimum design methodology was applied in the intensity analysis of shuttle belt conveyer slewing bearing,the finite element analysis was used to analyze the structure of the belt conveyer’s lower supported structure in the condition of initial design. According to the condition that its stiffness meet for the requirements,but the strength can’t meet,four factors which is the muscle thickness,the rib number,the rib fillet radius and the thickness of upper cover plate was selected. Then experimental analysis of the structure within different factors was carried out using orthogonal test optimization design. By the analysis the index evaluation of each factor was gotten in this paper. At last the optimum factor combination was provided to make the stiffness. The optimization results show that the performance of the lower bearing’intensity can be improved significantly,the study can also provide a theoretical basis to optimize the same structure design