21,318 research outputs found
Attosecond time-resolved streaked photoemission from Mg-covered W(110) surfaces
Citation: Liao, Q., & Thumm, U. (2015). Attosecond time-resolved streaked photoemission from Mg-covered W(110) surfaces. Physical Review A, 92(3), 6. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.92.031401We formulate a quantum-mechanical model for infrared-streaked photoelectron (PE) emission by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from an adsorbate-covered metal surface, exposing the influence of microscopic PE dispersion in substrate and adsorbate on the interpretation of streaked photoemission spectra and photoemission time delays. We validate this numerical model first by reproducing measured relative photoemission delays (a) between valence-band and 2p-core-level (CL) PEs emitted from clean Mg(0001) surfaces and (b) between conduction-band (CB) and 4f -CL PEs from clean W(110) surfaces at two XUV-pulse central photon energies. Next, applying this model to ultrathin Mg adsorbate layers on W(110) substrates, we reproduce (i) the measured nonmonotonic dependence of relative photoemission delays between CB andMg(2p) PEs and (ii) the monotonic dependence of relative delays between W(4f) andMg(2p) PEs in a recent experimen
Avalanche-Induced Current Enhancement in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes under high electric field stress (~10 V/um)
display a striking, exponential current increase due to avalanche generation of
free electrons and holes. Unlike in other materials, the avalanche process in
such 1D quantum wires involves access to the third sub-band, is insensitive to
temperature, but strongly dependent on diameter ~exp(-1/d^2). Comparison with a
theoretical model yields a novel approach to obtain the inelastic optical
phonon emission length, L_OP,ems ~ 15d nm. The combined results underscore the
importance of multi-band transport in 1D molecular wires
Quantum-mechanical simulation of attosecond streaked photoemission from Mg-covered W(110) surfaces
Citation: Liao, Q., & Thumm, U. (2015). Quantum-mechanical simulation of attosecond streaked photoemission from Mg-covered W(110) surfaces. 635(10). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/635/10/102002We apply a quantum-mechanical model to simulate infrared-streaked photoelectron emission by an ultrashort extreme ultraviolet pulse from adsorbate-covered metal surfaces. Incorporating effects of energy- dependent electron mean-free paths, the properties of initial states, photoelectron energy dispersion, and the screening of the streaking field, this model is able to reproduce recently measured photoelectron spectrograms and adsorbate-thickness-dependent photoemission time delays. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Renormalization Group Approach to Field Theory at Finite Temperature
Scalar field theory at finite temperature is investigated via an improved
renormalization group prescription which provides an effective resummation over
all possible non-overlapping higher loop graphs. Explicit analyses for the
lambda phi^4 theory are performed in d=4 Euclidean space for both low and high
temperature limits. We generate a set of coupled equations for the mass
parameter and the coupling constant from the renormalization group flow
equation. Dimensional reduction and symmetry restoration are also explored with
our improved approach.Comment: 29 pages, can include figures in the body of the text using epsf.st
A (p,q) Deformation of the Universal Enveloping Superalgebra U(osp(2/2))
We investigate a two parameter quantum deformation of the universal
enveloping orthosymplectic superalgebra U(osp(2/2)) by extending the
Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan formalism to the supersymetric case. It is shown
that possesses a non-commutative, non-cocommutative Hopf
algebra structure. All the results are expressed in the standard form using
quantum Chevalley basis.Comment: 8 pages; IC/93/41
Effect of Light Fermions on the Confinement Transition in QCD-like Theories
Dependence of the confinement transition parameters on the fermion content
provides information on the mechanism of confinement. Recent progress in
lattice gauge theories has allowed to study it for light flavor number and found this transition to shift toward significantly stronger
coupling. We propose an explanation for that: light fermions can occupy the
chromo-magnetic monopoles, via zero modes, making them "distinguishable" and
unsuitable for Bose-Einstein Condensation. Such dilution of unoccuplied
monopoles is compensated by stronger coupling that makes them lighter and more
numerous. We also suggest that flavor-carrying quark-monopole objects account
for the density beyond quark Fermi sphere seen in cold dense phase of
lattice QCD.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; few references added; close to the final published
versio
Sub and Super-Luminal Propagation of Intense Pulses in Media with Saturated and Reverse Absorption
We develop models for the propagation of intense pulses in solid state media
which can have either saturated absorption or exhibit reverse absorption . We
show that the experiments of Bigelow {\it et al.}[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90},
113903 (2003); Science {\bf 301}, 200 (2003).] on subluminal propagation in
Ruby and superluminal propagation in Alexandrite are well explained by
modelling them as three level and four level systems coupled to Maxwell
equations. We present results well beyond the traditional pump-probe approach.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Dipole Interactions and Electrical Polarity in Nanosystems -- the Clausius-Mossotti and Related Models
Point polarizable molecules at fixed spatial positions have solvable
electrostatic properties in classical approximation, the most familiar being
the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) formula. This paper generalizes the model and
imagines various applications to nanosystems. The behavior is worked out for a
sequence of octahedral fragments of simple cubic crystals, and the crossover to
the bulk CM law is found. Some relations to fixed moment systems are discussed
and exploited. The one-dimensional dipole stack is introduced as an important
model system. The energy of interaction of parallel stacks is worked out, and
clarifies the diverse behavior found in different crystal structures. It also
suggests patterns of self-organization which polar molecules in solution might
adopt. A sum rule on the stack interaction is found and tested. Stability of
polarized states under thermal fluctuations is discussed, using the
one-dimensional domain wall as an example. Possible structures for polar hard
ellipsoids are considered. An idea is formulated for enhancing polarity of
nanosystems by intentionally adding metallic coatings.Comment: 18 pages (includes 6 embedded figures and 3 tables). New references,
and other small improvements. Scheduled for publication by J. Chem. Phys.,
Jan. 200
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