Associations between three XRCC1 polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Conflicting results have been obtained regarding the association between X-ray repair cross complementation group 1 (XRCC1) and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, associations between HCC and three polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln) were evaluated using a meta-analysis approach. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang standard database were systematically searched to identify all relevant case-control studies published through March 2018. A total of 32 case-control studies, including 13 that evaluated Arg194Trp, 14 that evaluated Arg280His, and 26 that evaluated Arg399Gln, were analyzed. In the entire study population, XRCC1 Arg399Gln was significantly associated not only with overall risk of HCC (homozygous model, OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.40-1.85, P < 0.05; recessive model, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59, P < 0.05) but also with the risk of HCC in Chinese patients (homozygous model, OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.53-2.08, P < 0.05; recessive model, OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.27-1.70, P < 0.05). Limiting the analysis to studies demonstrating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), the results were consistent and robust. Similarly, a significant association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and HCC risk was found in healthy controls in the general population but not in hospital controls. Trial sequential analysis (TSA), false-positive report probabilities (FPRP), and combined genotype analysis revealed that XRCC1 Arg399Gln is mainly associated with susceptibility to liver cancer. However, there was no association between Arg194Trp or Arg280His and the risk of HCC. These results, indicating that the Arg399Gln polymorphism of XRCC1 is associated with the risk of HCC in the Chinese population, provide a basis for the development of improved detection and treatment approaches

Comparative stress response assessment of PFOS and its alternatives, F-53B and OBS, in wheat: An insight of toxic mechanisms and relative magnitudes

Emerging alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), including 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), have been widely detected in the real environment as PFOS restriction. However, the toxicity in plants and the underlying mechanism of F-53B and OBS remain scarce, especially compared to PFOS. PFOS and their emerging alternatives pose significant potential risks to food, especially for crops, safety and human health with the great convenience of high chemical stability. Germination toxicity, oxidative stress biomarkers, and metabolomics were used to compare the relative magnitudes of toxicity of PFOS and its alternatives in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PFOS, F-53B, and OBS inhibited wheat germination compared to the control group, with germination inhibition rates of 45.6%, 53.5%, and 64.3% at 400 μM PFOS, F-53B, and OBS exposure, respectively. Moreover, oxidative stress biomarker changes were observed in PFOS, F-53B, and OBS, with OBS being more pronounced. The chlorophyll concentrations in wheat shoots increased, and the anthocyanin concentration decreased along with the increased exposure concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in wheat root but decreased in the shoot. Peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased, whereas catalase (CAT) activity decreased. Regarding metabolomics, PFOS, F-53B, and OBS exposure (10 μM) significantly altered 85, 133, and 134 metabolites, respectively. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, F-53B specifically affects lipid metabolism, whereas OBS causes an imbalance in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings suggested that PFOS, F-53B, and OBS have distinct toxic mechanisms. Thus, our results indicated that the relative size of the toxicity in wheat is as follows: OBS > F-53B > PFOS, and this finding provides a new reference basis for the phytotoxicity assessment of F-53B and OBS

Effectiveness and Safety of S-1-Based Therapy Compared with 5-Fluorouracil-Based Therapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based therapy (SBT) versus 5-fluorouracil-based therapy (FBT) for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Methods. A meta-analysis of all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software. Results. A total of 1625 patients from twelve RCTs including 820 patients in the SBT group and 805 patients in the FBT group were available for analysis. The meta-analysis of overall survival (hazards ratio HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80–1.10), progression-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91–1.18), and overall response rate (odds ratio OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00–1.53) showed no statistical significance between SBT group and FBT group. The statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis indicated less incidence of graded 3-4 neutropenia (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35–0.68) and nausea/vomit (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23–0.72) in the SBT group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, diarrhea, and treatment-related deaths between two groups. Conclusions. SBT had similar efficacy and better safety than FBT and was an attractive alternative to FBT for patients of ACRC, but further investigations in different populations would be needed to confirm it

Three ADIPOR1 Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether polymorphisms in the adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) are associated with cancer risk. To help resolve this question, we meta-analyzed case-control studies in the literature.PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biological Medical Database and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were systematically searched to identify all case-control studies published through February 2015 examining any ADIPOR1 polymorphisms and risk of any type of cancer. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.A total of 13 case-control studies involving 5,750 cases and 6,762 controls were analyzed. Analysis of the entire study population revealed a significant association between rs1342387(G/A) and overall cancer risk using a homozygous model (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.94), heterozygous model (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.93), dominant model (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.97) and allele contrast model (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.80 to 0.97). However, subgroup analysis showed that this association was significant only for Asians in the case of colorectal cancer. No significant associations were found between rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk, either in analyses of the entire study population or in analyses of subgroups.Our meta-analysis suggests that the ADIPOR1 rs1342387(G/A) polymorphism, but not rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G), may be associated with cancer risk, especially risk of colorectal cancer in Asians. Large, well-designed studies are needed to verify our findings

A Nomogram to Predict Benign/Malignant Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Based on EBUS Sonographic Features

Background. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) sonographic features help identify benign/malignant lymph nodes while conducting transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). This study aims to identify risk factors for malignancy based on EBUS sonographic features and to estimate the risk of malignancy in lymph nodes by constructing a nomogram. Methods. 1082 lymph nodes from 625 patients were randomly enrolled in training (n = 760) and validation (n = 322) sets. The subgroup of EBUS-TBNA postoperative negative lymph nodes (n = 317) was randomly enrolled in a training (n = 224) set and a validation (n = 93) set. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the EBUS features of malignant lymph nodes. A nomogram was formulated using the EBUS features in the training set and later validated in the validation set. Results. Multivariate analysis revealed that long-axis, short-axis, echogenicity, fusion, and central hilar structure (CHS) were the independent predictors of malignant lymph nodes. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was constructed. Both the training and validation sets of 5 EBUS features nomogram showed good discrimination, with area under the curve values of 0.880 (sensitivity = 0.829 and specificity = 0.807) and 0.905 (sensitivity = 0.819 and specificity = 0.857). Subgroup multivariate analysis revealed that long-axis, echogenicity, and CHS were the independent predictors of malignancy outcomes of EBUS-TBNA postoperative negative lymph nodes. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was constructed. Both the training and validation sets of 3 EBUS features nomogram showed good discrimination, with the area under the curve values of 0.890 (sensitivity = 0.882 and specificity = 0.786) and 0.834 (sensitivity = 0.930 and specificity = 0.636). Conclusions. Our novel scoring system based on two nomograms can be utilized to predict malignant lymph nodes

Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a heterozygous model.

<p>Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a heterozygous model.</p

Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk in a dominant model.

<p>Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk in a dominant model.</p

Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) according to a dominant model.

<p>Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) according to a dominant model.</p

Overall and subgroup analysis of the <i>ADIPOR1</i> rs7539542(C/G) polymorphism and cancer risk.

<p>Notes: CI, confidence interval; CRC, colorectal cancer; NA not available; OR, odds ratio; PC, prostate cancer.</p><p>^a P value of Q test for assessing heterogeneity.</p><p>Overall and subgroup analysis of the <i>ADIPOR1</i> rs7539542(C/G) polymorphism and cancer risk.</p