Container network architecture and performance analysis of Macvlan and IPvlan

Macvlan and IPvlan modes allow the host physical Network Interface Card (NIC) to create several virtual sub interfaces, which can meet the containers communication requirements across different network segment in complex application scenarios. The paper describes the architecture characteristics of these two modes in depth and builds container overlay network in single machine and multi machine environments. Around the key network indicators such as round-trip time (RTT), bandwidth and jitter, Ping and Iperf tools are used to test and analyse the end-to-end container communication performance. The experimental results show that IPvlan mode has better network performance and provides a comprehensive and rich application scenario for the container overlay network

Container network architecture and performance analysis of Macvlan and IPvlan

Macvlan and IPvlan modes allow the host physical Network Interface Card (NIC) to create several virtual sub interfaces, which can meet the containers communication requirements across different network segment in complex application scenarios. The paper describes the architecture characteristics of these two modes in depth and builds container overlay network in single machine and multi machine environments. Around the key network indicators such as round-trip time (RTT), bandwidth and jitter, Ping and Iperf tools are used to test and analyse the end-to-end container communication performance. The experimental results show that IPvlan mode has better network performance and provides a comprehensive and rich application scenario for the container overlay network

Transcriptome Analysis of Beet Webworm Shows That Histone Deacetylase May Affect Diapause by Regulating Juvenile Hormone

The beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) is an important agricultural pest and can tolerate harsh environmental conditions by entering diapause. The diapause mechanism of beet webworm is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptomic study of the process from diapause induction to diapause release in beet webworms. The results revealed 393 gene modules closely related to the diapause of beet webworm. The hub gene of the red module was the HDACI gene, which acts through histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. HDAC enzyme activity was regulated by the light duration and influenced the JH content under induced beet webworm diapause conditions (12 h light:12 h dark). In addition, transcriptomic data suggested that circadian genes may not be the key genes responsible for beet webworm diapause. However, we showed that the photoperiod affects HDAC enzyme activity, and HDAC can regulate the involvement of JH in beet webworm diapause. This study provided a new module for studying insect diapause and links histone acetylation and diapause at the transcriptome level

Phytopigment Alizarin Inhibits Multispecies Biofilm Development by Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease involving Cutibacterium acnes with other skin commensals such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in the anaerobic and lipid-rich conditions of pilosebaceous units. These microbes readily form multispecies biofilms that are tolerant of traditional antibiotics as well as host immune systems. The phytopigment alizarin was previously found to prevent biofilm formation by S. aureus and C. albicans strains under aerobic conditions. Hence, we hypothesized that alizarin might control C. acnes and multispecies biofilm development. We found that under anaerobic conditions, alizarin efficiently inhibited single biofilm formation and multispecies biofilm development by C. acnes, S. aureus, and C. albicans without inhibiting planktonic cell growth. Alizarin increased the hydrophilicities of S. aureus and C. albicans cells, decreased lipase production by S. aureus, diminished agglutination by C. acnes, and inhibited the aggregation of C. albicans cells. Furthermore, the co-administration of alizarin and antibiotics enhanced the antibiofilm efficacies of alizarin against C. acnes. A transcriptomic study showed that alizarin repressed the transcriptions of various biofilm-related genes such as lipase, hyaluronate lyase, adhesin/invasion-related, and virulence-related genes of C. acnes. Furthermore, alizarin at 100 µg/mL prevented C. acnes biofilm development on porcine skin. Our results show that alizarin inhibits multispecies biofilm development by acne-causing microbes and suggest it might be a useful agent for treating or preventing C. acnes-causing skin diseases

Investigation of electrochemical reduction of GeO2 to Ge in molten CaCl2-NaCl

Electrochemical reduction of solid GeO2 has been investigated in the mixed CaCl2-NaCl melt at 1023 K for developing a more efficient process for preparation of Ge. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis were applied to study the GeO2-loaded metallic cavity electrode. In addition, porous GeO2 pellets were reduced by potentiostatic and constant cell voltage electrolysis with a graphite anode, and the electrolysis products were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, focusing on understanding the reduction mechanism and the impact of electrode potential on the product purity. It was found that the reduction of GeO2 to Ge occurred at a potential of about -0.50 V (vs. Ag/Ag+), but generating various calcium germanates simultaneously, whose reduction was a little more difficult and needed a potential more negative than -1.00 V. However, if the cathode potential exceeded -1.60 V, Ca (or Na) - Ge intermetallic compounds might form. These results gave an appropriate potential range between -1.10 and -1.40 V for the production of pure germanium. Rapid electrolysis of GeO2 to pure Ge has been realized at a cell voltage of 2.5 V with a current efficiency of about 92%

Preparation of Mo nanopowders through electroreduction of solid MoS2 in molten KCl–NaCl

The electrolysis of solid MoS2to produce nano-Mo and elemental S in molten NaCl–KCl has been proposed and studied in detail.</p

TLR4 ligand LPS treatment did not influence cell apoptosis of bone marrow derived MSCs.

<p>MSCs were treated with 1000 ng/ml LPS for 6 days. Total apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V and PI staining. <b>(A, B)</b> Representative images of control and LPS treated cells. <b>(C)</b> Statistical results of six independent experiments.</p

Effects of LPS treatment on the proliferation of MSCs.

<p><b>(A)</b> MSCs were treated with 1000 ng/ml LPS for 1, 2, 3, or 6 days. Cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8 kit assay. <b>(B)</b> MSCs were treated with various concentrations of LPS. Cell proliferation was examined on the sixth day of treatment with CCK-8 kit assay. <b>(C, D)</b> MSCs were treated with 1000 ng/ml LPS for 6 days, and the proliferation of cells was analysis with EdU incorporation. <b>(C)</b> The representative images (Scale bar: 100 μm), and <b>(D)</b> The statistical result. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in the presence of LPS after Wnt3a and Wnt5a silence.

<p><b>(A-D)</b> MSCs were treated by Wnt3a and Wnt5a siRNA. The effect of LPS on MSC proliferation was detected using CCK-8 kit assay and EdU incorporation. <b>(A, B)</b> MSCs were transfected with Wnt3a and Wnt5a siRNA, then the cells were treated with 1000 ng/ml LPS for 6 days. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 kit assay. <b>(C, D)</b> Statistical results of cell proliferation from EdU incorporation as detected 6 days after LPS treatment. Representative images see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149876#pone.0149876.s006" target="_blank">S6 Fig</a>. <b>(E-H)</b> Wnt3a and Wnt5a expression were silenced by specific siRNA, then the cells were differentiated in the presence of 1000 ng/ml LPS. ALP activity and alizarin red staining was used to analyzed the effects of LPS on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. <b>(E, F)</b> ALP activity in MSC-differentiated cells 7 days after LPS treatment. <b>(G, H)</b> Quantification of alizarin red staining in MSC-differentiated cells 15 days after LPS treatment. Representative images of alizarin red staining see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149876#pone.0149876.s006" target="_blank">S6 Fig</a>. Data are from three independent experiments and presented as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p