Palladium-catalyzed oxime ether directed regioselective C-H alkoxylation of arenes

<p>A palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective <i>ortho</i>-C(sp²)-H alkoxylation of oxime ethers with PhI(OAc)₂ as the oxidant and alcohols as the alkoxylation reagents has been developed. <i>Mono</i>-alkoxylated and acetoxylated products could be selectively obtained via tuning the reaction conditions. A series of oxime ethers were tolerated, affording the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Both primary and secondary alcohols survived the reaction conditions. Moreover, the directing group can be easily removed, thereby providing a straightforward access to substituted aryl ketones.</p

A patient with high-grade ccRCC (Grade III).

<p>A mass in the right kidney appears heterogeneous signal intense on T1WI (A) and T2WI (B). On T1WI and T2WI, some patchy hypointensity lesions are seen, which represent hemosiderin deposition. On fat-suppressed T2WI (C), the tumor shows heterogeneous signal intense. Some cystic areas are seen. On T2*WI (D), the hypointensity area appears more extensive than those on T1WI and T2WI. After enhancement, the tumor is enhanced heterogeneously (E). Photomicrograph shows large, irregular nuclei with prominent nucleoli (hematoxylin and eosin ×400) (F).</p

The morphology of the ISSs on T2*WI.

<p>The morphology of the ISSs on T2*WI.</p

The pairwise correlation analysis among 7 pasting and 4 gelatinization properties of maize starch.

<p>The pairwise correlation analysis among 7 pasting and 4 gelatinization properties of maize starch.</p

Nucleotide Diversity of Maize <i>ZmBT1</i> Gene and Association with Starch Physicochemical Properties

<div><p>Cereal Brittle1 protein has been demonstrated to be involved in the ADP-Glc transport into endosperm plastids, and plays vital roles in the biosynthesis of starch. In this study, the genomic sequences of the <i>ZmBT1</i> gene in 80 elite maize inbred lines were obtained, and the nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype diversity were detected. A total of 30 variants, including 22 SNPs and 8 indels, were detected from the full sequences of this gene. Among these polymorphic sites, 9 SNPs and 2 indels were found to be located in the coding region. The polymorphisms of CDS sequences classified the maize <i>ZmBT1</i> gene into 6 haplotypes, which encode 6 different ZmBT1 proteins. Neutrality tests revealed a decrease in population size and/or balancing selection on the maize <i>ZmBT1</i> locus. To detect the association between sequence variations of this gene and the starch physicochemical properties, 7 pasting and 4 gelatinization traits of starch were measured for the tested inbred lines using rapid visco analyzer (RVA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), respectively. The result of association analysis revealed that an indel in the coding region was significantly associated with the phenotypic variation of starch gelatinization enthalpy.</p></div

LD patterns across the whole locus of <i>ZmBT1</i>.

<p>(A) LD between pairs of <i>ZmBT1</i> sequence polymorphic sites. (B) Decay of LD between pairs of <i>ZmBT1</i> sequence informative polymorphisms. The linear regression coefficient is −0.00029.</p

The descriptive statistics and the results of one-way ANOVA for 7 starch pasting and 4 gelatinization properties of 80 maize inbred lines.

<p>The descriptive statistics and the results of one-way ANOVA for 7 starch pasting and 4 gelatinization properties of 80 maize inbred lines.</p

List of the 80 maize inbred lines used in this study.

<p>List of the 80 maize inbred lines used in this study.</p

Transcription factors SRF and TFAP2 bind to the <i>FXN</i> gene promoter region <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>(A) Sequence of 5′-end of the human <i>FXN</i> gene. Sequences are color-coded: intronic sequences in green, exon 1 and exon 2 in black. Putative transcription factor binding sites identified by Genomatix analysis are annotated in bold black for SRF, in bold blue for TFAP2, in bold red for SP1, and in bold pink for EGR3. Start codon (AUG) in exon 1 is in bold black. (B) Schematic diagram of human <i>FXN</i> promoter region showing the location of the putative regulatory sequences. Black-filled square: SRF binding site; blue-filled square: TFAP2 binding site; red-filled square: SP1 binding site; pink-filled square: EGR3 binding site. Primers used in the ChIP assays are designated as: P189, P195, P204, P205, P206, P364, and P365. (C) Binding of SRF and TFAP2 to the <i>FXN</i> promoter <i>in vivo</i> was quantified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The upper panel is the quantification of <i>FXN</i> promoter chromatin, immunoprecipitated using antibodies raised against SRF, TFAP2, and SP1. Three pairs of primers flanking the putative binding sites of these transcription factors were used for the qPCR analysis. The lower panel shows the end-products of the qPCR reactions separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Primers specific for human <i>FXN</i> intron 4 were included as an internal negative control (data not shown).</p

Transcription factors SRF and TFAP2 bind to the <i>FXN</i> promoter region <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>EMSA analysis was performed to investigate binding of TFAP2 (A) and SRF (B) to the promoter region of <i>FXN in vitro</i>. Nuclear extracts from HEK293 cells were incubated with [γ-³²P]-ATP labeled oligonucleotides coding the predicted TFAP2 or SRF binding site on the <i>FXN</i> promoter region of interest for 1 hour at 4°C. The binding products were resolved in native polyacrylamide gels (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012286#s4" target="_blank">MATERIALS AND METHODS</a>). Specific competitor (non-radioactive oligonucleotide, so called cold probe, 10 µM) or non-specific competitor (poly(dI-dC), 0.5 mU/µL) was added to assess the specificity of the binding of SRF or TFAP2. Antibodies of TFAP2 (2 mg/ml) and SRF (0.5 mg/ml) were added for supershift, respectively. I: SRF antibody purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech.; II: SRF antibody purchased from Active Motif. A: HEK293 cell nuclear extracts, prepared by the authors, B: Jurkat cell nuclear extracts, purchased from Active Motif (Carlsbad, CA).</p