Implicit personalization in driving assistance: State-of-the-art and open issues

In recent decades, driving assistance systems have been evolving towards personalization for adapting to different drivers. With the consideration of driving preferences and driver characteristics, these systems become more acceptable and trustworthy. This article presents a survey on recent advances in implicit personalized driving assistance. We classify the collection of work into three main categories: 1) personalized Safe Driving Systems (SDS), 2) personalized Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS), and 3) personalized In-vehicle Information Systems (IVIS). For each category, we provide a comprehensive review of current applications and related techniques along with the discussion of industry status, benefits of personalization, application prospects, and future focal points. Both relevant driving datasets and open issues about personalized driving assistance are discussed to facilitate future research. By creating an organized categorization of the field, we hope that this survey could not only support future research and the development of new technologies for personalized driving assistance but also facilitate the application of these techniques within the driving automation community</h2

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp³)–H Arylation of Free Carboxylic Acids

A monoprotected aminoethyl amine chiral ligand based on an ethylenediamine backbone was developed to achieve Pd-catalyzed enantioselective C­(sp³)–H arylation of cyclopropanecarboxylic and 2-aminoisobutyric acids without using exogenous directing groups. This new chiral catalyst affords new disconnection for preparing diverse chiral carboxylic acids from simple starting materials that are complementary to the various ring forming approaches

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp³)–H Arylation of Free Carboxylic Acids

A monoprotected aminoethyl amine chiral ligand based on an ethylenediamine backbone was developed to achieve Pd-catalyzed enantioselective C­(sp³)–H arylation of cyclopropanecarboxylic and 2-aminoisobutyric acids without using exogenous directing groups. This new chiral catalyst affords new disconnection for preparing diverse chiral carboxylic acids from simple starting materials that are complementary to the various ring forming approaches

Selective Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles and 3‑Imino-1-oxoisoindolines via Nickel-Promoted C(sp²)–H Cyanations

An efficient nickel-promoted selective monocyanation of benzamides with TMSCN via 8-aminoquinoline directed <i>ortho</i> C–H activation has been developed. Varieties of functionalized <i>ortho</i>-cyanated (hetero)­aryl nitriles can be selectively synthesized in moderate to good yields. These cyanation products can be easily transformed into various 3-imino-1-oxoisoindolines in a one-pot procedure. The mild reaction conditions, use of cheap and commercially available reagents, wide functional group tolerance, and operational convenience make this protocol practical to the synthetic community

Synthesis of Aryl Alkynes via Copper Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkynylation of 2‑Nitrobenzoic Acids

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of internal aryl alkynes was achieved via Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative alkynylation of benzoic acids with terminal alkynes. This approach utilizes simple Cu salt as catalyst and O₂, an abundant, clean, and green material, as the oxidant. The reaction tolerates various functional groups, and a variety of internal aryl alkynes were synthesized in 46–83% yields

Additional file 1: of Procyanidins attenuate neuropathic pain by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9/2

Figure S1. PC significantly inhibited CCI-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK and decreased p65 expression in nuclear in vivo. (A) Single administration of PC (90 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased the expression of p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA) in the spinal cord of CCI mice. (B) Single administration of PC (90 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased the expression of p65 (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA) in nuclear in vivo. (C) Single administration of PC (90 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased MDA level induced by CCI injury in the spinal cord. PC (90 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered at day 14 after CCI operation. The lumbar spines (L1–L6) were collected and analyzed 120 min after the last drug administration. Representative bands and a data summary (n = 4) was shown. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. CCI group; Bonferroni post hoc tests). (DOCX 262 kb

Rational Design of Carbon-Doped Carbon Nitride/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ Composites: A Promising Candidate Photocatalyst for Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline

Many recent advances based on 2D materials have opened new possibilities in photocatalysis. In this paper, a new 2D semiconductor composite consisting of carbon-doped carbon nitride (denoted as CCN) layers and Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ layers was designed via an <i>in situ</i> method. A supramolecular chemistry approach was employed to form CCN by using the hydrogen-bonded melamine–cyanuric acid and barbituric acid, and Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ layers were obtained by using a moderate solvothermal method. CCN/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ composite had superior photocatalytic performance for degrading antibiotic tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation. The degradation rate constant of 20ÌN/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ is 0.0409 min^–1, which is approximately 2.9-, 1.5-, and 32.1-fold those of pristine Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂, CCN, and BiOCl, respectively. Electrochemical measurements showed that CCN/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ composite has high photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency. According to the trapping and electron spin resonance results, superoxide radicals and holes were the main active radicals in the degradation of TC. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CCN/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ can be attributed to enhanced charge separation. It is expected that the CCN/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ composite could be utilized as visible-light photocatalyst for other environmental applications