Observations of the 57Fe+23 hyperfine transition in clusters of galaxies

We present a search for the hyperfine transition of the 57Fe+23 ion at 3.071 mm in clusters of galaxies with the ATNF Mopra telescope. The results are compared with a realistic estimate of the peak brightness temperature of the line in a cooling flow cluster A85, using the available X-ray data

Ecumenical modal logic

The discussion about how to put together Gentzen's systems for classical and intuitionistic logic in a single unified system is back in fashion. Indeed, recently Prawitz and others have been discussing the so called Ecumenical Systems, where connectives from these logics can co-exist in peace. In Prawitz' system, the classical logician and the intuitionistic logician would share the universal quantifier, conjunction, negation, and the constant for the absurd, but they would each have their own existential quantifier, disjunction, and implication, with different meanings. Prawitz' main idea is that these different meanings are given by a semantical framework that can be accepted by both parties. In a recent work, Ecumenical sequent calculi and a nested system were presented, and some very interesting proof theoretical properties of the systems were established. In this work we extend Prawitz' Ecumenical idea to alethic K-modalities

Parton Distributions for Event Generators

In this paper, conventional Global QCD analysis is generalized to produce parton distributions optimized for use with event generators at the LHC. This optimization is accomplished by combining the constraints due to existing hard-scattering experimental data with those from anticipated cross sections for key representative SM processes at LHC (by the best available theory) as joint input to the global analyses. The PDFs obtained in these new type of global analyses using matrix elements calculated in any given order will be best suited to work with event generators of that order, for predictions at the LHC. This is most useful for LO event generators at present. Results obtained from a few candidate PDF sets (labeled as CT09MCS, CT09MC1 and CT09MC2) for LO event generators produced in this way are compared with those from other approaches.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, and 4 table

Optimum spectral window for imaging of art with optical coherence tomography

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been shown to have potential for important applications in the field of art conservation and archaeology due to its ability to image subsurface microstructures non-invasively. However, its depth of penetration in painted objects is limited due to the strong scattering properties of artists’ paints. VIS-NIR (400 nm – 2400 nm) reflectance spectra of a wide variety of paints made with historic artists’ pigments have been measured. The best spectral window with which to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the imaging of subsurface structure of paintings was found to be around 2.2 μm. The same spectral window would also be most suitable for direct infrared imaging of preparatory sketches under the paint layers. The reflectance spectra from a large sample of chemically verified pigments provide information on the spectral transparency of historic artists’ pigments/paints as well as a reference set of spectra for pigment identification. The results of the paper suggest that broadband sources at ~2 microns are highly desirable for OCT applications in art and potentially material science in general

Shallow water simulation of overland flows in idealised catchments

This paper investigates the relationship between the rainfall and runoff in idealised catchments, either with or without obstacle arrays, using an extensively-validated fullydynamic shallow water model. This two-dimensional hydrodynamic model allows a direct transformation of the spatially distributed rainfall into the flow hydrograph at the catchment outlet. The model was first verified by reproducing the analytical and experimental results in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional situations. Then, dimensional analyses were exploited in deriving the dimensionless S-curve, which is able to generically depict the relationship between the rainfall and runoff. For a frictionless plane catchment, with or without an obstacle array, the dimensionless Scurve seems to be insensitive to the rainfall intensity, catchment area and slope, especially in the early steep-rising section of the curve. Finally, the model was used to study the hydrological response of an idealised catchment covered with buildings, which were represented as an obstacle array. The influences of the building array size and layout on the catchment response were presented in terms of the dimensionless time at which the catchment outflow reaches 50% of the equilibrium value.Dr. Liang and Prof. Hinkelmann thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for providing the opportunity for their collaboration. Dr. Liang thanks the financial support by the Royal Academy of Engineering (NRCP/1415/97 and ISS1516\8\34). Prof. Xiao and Dr. Chen thank the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51450110079) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (2015-ZD-07-04-01).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4744-

ERK1/2 is an ancestral organising signal in spiral cleavage

Animal development is classified as conditional or autonomous based on whether cell fates are specified through inductive signals or maternal determinants, respectively. Yet how these two major developmental modes evolved remains unclear. During spiral cleavage—a stereotypic embryogenesis ancestral to 15 invertebrate groups, including molluscs and annelids—most lineages specify cell fates conditionally, while some define the primary axial fates autonomously. To identify the mechanisms driving this change, we study Owenia fusiformis, an early-branching, conditional annelid. In Owenia, ERK1/2-mediated FGF receptor signalling specifies the endomesodermal progenitor. This cell likely acts as an organiser, inducing mesodermal and posterodorsal fates in neighbouring cells and repressing anteriorising signals. The organising role of ERK1/2 in Owenia is shared with molluscs, but not with autonomous annelids. Together, these findings suggest that conditional specification of an ERK1/2(+) embryonic organiser is ancestral in spiral cleavage and was repeatedly lost in annelid lineages with autonomous development

Quantitative perfusion MRI of tumor model in mouse

INTRODUCTION: Perfusion in the body provides valuable information about physiological status and disease progression. Measuring perfusion in tumors is considered important with the recognition of angiogenesis, the process of developing new blood vessels, as a key element in the pathophysiology of tumor growth and metastasis1. Many studies have used Gd contrast agents to evaluate tumor blood flow and vasculature but quantification has been complicated and model/agent dependent. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive and quantitative technique that measures perfusion by magnetically labeling water as a freely diffusible endogenous tracer. Application of ASL to measure perfusion in tumor is a challenge due to the low perfusion values and artifacts caused by …postprintThe 19th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM 2011), Montréal, QC., 7-13 May 2011. In Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2011, v. 19, p. 108

Micro-fading spectrometry: investigating the wavelength specificity of fading

A modified microfading spectrometer incorporating a linear variable filter is used to investigate the wavelength dependence of fading of traditional watercolour pigments, dosimeters and fading standards at a higher spectral resolution and/or sampling than had previously been attempted. While the wavelength dependence of photochemical damage was largely found to correlate well with the absorption spectra of each material, exceptions were found in the case of Prussian blue and Prussian green pigments (the latter includes Prussian blue), for which an anti-correlation between the spectral colour change and the absorption spectrum was found

A general framework for learning prosodic-enhanced representation of rap lyrics

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Learning and analyzing rap lyrics is a significant basis for many Web applications, such as music recommendation, automatic music categorization, and music information retrieval, due to the abundant source of digital music in the World Wide Web. Although numerous studies have explored the topic, knowledge in this field is far from satisfactory, because critical issues, such as prosodic information and its effective representation, as well as appropriate integration of various features, are usually ignored. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical attention variational a utoe ncoder framework (HAVAE), which simultaneously considers semantic and prosodic features for rap lyrics representation learning. Specifically, the representation of the prosodic features is encoded by phonetic transcriptions with a novel and effective strategy (i.e., rhyme2vec). Moreover, a feature aggregation strategy is proposed to appropriately integrate various features and generate prosodic-enhanced representation. A comprehensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches under various metrics in different rap lyrics learning tasks