A typical time course of seizure evolution process at day 6 (patient number 21).

<p>“Seizure begins” indicated the initiation of seizure. A(0-12s of seizure) displayed a typical seizure which originated from occipital and temporal lobe(O₁,O₂,T₄); spikes evolved into shape waves rhythm with broad base emphasized on the right hemisphere (B, 18-29s of seizure, O₂,T₄); Left hemisphere get involved mainly on the occipital lobe (C, 30-41s of seizure,O1); seizure ended with temporary voltage depression (D, 45-56s of seizure).</p

The relationship of seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.

<p>The relationship of seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.</p

Clinical features of the patients with seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.

<p>Clinical features of the patients with seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.</p

The relationship of temporal and/or occipital lobe seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.

<p>The relationship of temporal and/or occipital lobe seizure and severe hyperbilirubinemia.</p

T1 and T2 weighted MR imaging at day 7 (patient number 21).

<p>A: There was bilateral, symmetric, abnormal increased signal intensity in the GP on T1-weighted imaging. B: The above-mentioned lesions were not apparent on T2-weighted images.</p

Generation of Ultra-Clean Coal from Victorian Brown Coal: Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment and Particle Size on Coal Demineralization and the Extraction Kinetic of Individual Metals

This paper addressed the influences of hydrothermal treatment and particle size on the demineralization extent of Victorian brown coal for the generation of ultra-clean coal to burn directly in a gas turbine combined cycle. Extraction kinetics of individual metals have been investigated. The results for four different sizes of two Victorian brown coal samples showed that, for brown coal that is rich in the aluminum-/silicon-bearing mineral grains, its demineralization extent was dependent on coal particle size, showing the best result for the coal size of 150–300 μm. In contrast, the ash removal efficiency of brown coal rich in organically bound metals remained unaffected by particle size, substantiating a uniform distribution of ash-forming metals on the coal surface as a weak association with the oxygen-containing functional groups. The elution of most metals followed a pseudo-second-order with a confidence interval ≥90%. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor varied significantly with element type and coal sample. Irrespective of coal sample, the extraction of sodium (Na) was achieved instantaneously upon acid attack, relative to iron (Fe) demonstrating an intraparticle diffusion controlling extraction with an activation energy less than 20 kJ/mol. The coal sample rich in mineral grains exhibited an elution behavior limited by both surface reaction and intraparticle diffusion control with respect to a variety of metals. The mineral-grain-rich coal was further treated with pyroligneous acid, citric acid, and Na-EDTA followed by pyroligneous acid at 200 °C to maximize its demineralization extent. As has been confirmed through the use of these three reagents, the overall ash content in coal has been reduced to ∼1.59, 0.95, and 1.17 dry basis (db)-wt %, respectively, as opposed to 2.49 db-wt % in the corresponding raw coal. This study has demonstrated the potential use of waste pyroligneous acid and citric acid for brown coal leaching to generate ultra-clean coal

Hyperbilirubinemia Influences Sleep-Wake Cycles of Term Newborns in a Non-Linear Manner

<div><p>Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause for irreversible neuronal influence in the brain of term newborns, while the feature of neurological symptoms associated with hyperbilirubinemia has not been well characterized yet. In the present study, we examined a total of 203 neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia with a bedside amplitude-integrated Electroencephalography (aEEG) device, in order to determine whether there is any special change in sleep-wake cycles (SWCs). Among these patients, 14 cases showed no recognizable SWCs with the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level at 483.9–996.2 μmol/L; 75 cases exhibited reduced SWCs with the TSB level at 311.2–688.5 μmol/L; and the rest cases had the normal SWCs. The number of the normal SWCs occurrence had a significant negative correlation with the increased TSB level in a non-linear manner (<i>r = -0</i>.<i>689</i>, <i>p <0</i>.<i>001</i>). In addition, the increased TSB reshaped the structure of SWC by narrowing down the broadband and broadening the narrowband. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between the TSB level and the ratio of broadband (<i>r = -0</i>.<i>618</i>, <i>p < 0</i>.<i>001</i>), a significant positive correlation between the TSB level and the narrowband ratio (<i>r = 0</i>.<i>618</i>, <i>p < 0</i>.<i>001</i>), respectively. Furthermore, the change of SWC seemed like a continuous phenomenon, and the hyperbilirubinemia caused SWC changes was fit into a loess model in this paper. In summary, the hyperbilirubinemia influenced SWC of term newborns significantly at a non-linear manner, and these results revealed the feature of the neurological sequela that is associated with TSB.</p></div

Clinical Profiles of 14 Patients without SWC.

<p>Clinical Profiles of 14 Patients without SWC.</p

Reductive Leaching of Iron and Magnesium out of Magnesioferrite from Victorian Brown Coal Fly Ash

This paper for the first time reports the reductive leaching of an iron-rich brown coal fly ash composed principally of a chemically resilient magnesioferrite (MgFe₂O₄) matrix. The simultaneous mobilization of Fe and Mg out of magnesiorferrite here aims to produce abundant Mg²⁺ that can convert into high-purity MgCO₃, through a mineral carbonation process for CO₂ capture, and abundant Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ that can convert into value-added high-purity Fe-rich compounds such as FeOOH. Sulfur-bearing compounds, including Na₂S, Na₂S₂O₄, and FeS₂, were used as reductants, on the basis of the fact that S is one of the inherent elements in fly ash that has a Fe-reductive capability. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy was used to quantitatively determine the speciation of Fe (Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺) and S (SO₄^2– or S^2–) in the leachate produced. Leaching with Na₂S₂O₄ and FeS₂ was found to produce the most Fe²⁺ (more than 70% of total eluted Fe) in the leachate at 200 °C. Increasing the leaching temperature is beneficial in increasing the reactivity of FeS₂, leading to a greater amount of Fe²⁺ produced at 200 °C, whereas Na₂S₂O₄ reached its best performance at 100 °C. This is due to a quicker dissolution of Na₂S₂O₄ into the leachate to promote the reduction of inherent Fe³⁺-bearing ash matrix in the liquid phase, whereas FeS₂ mainly remains as a solid, which is less reactive. None of the mechanisms involved affected the total Mg²⁺ cations eluted. Increasing the molar ratio of S to Fe from 0.125 to 0.5 completely reduced all aqueous Fe³⁺ present to Fe²⁺ for both reductants. Concurrent with this was an incremental change in total aqueous Fe amount when Na₂S₂O₄ was used. No significant increase in total Fe eluted was observed when FeS₂ was used. The fate of S differs for both cases, with S mostly mobilized in the leachate when Na₂S₂O₄ was used while predominantly being in the solid leaching residue in the case of FeS₂. In light of this, the use of FeS₂ is more promising on a large scale, although it is less active

Investigating the Effect of the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ Molar Ratio on the Carbonate Speciation during the Mild Mineral Carbonation Process at Atmospheric Pressure

Aqueous mineral carbonation of industrial wastes, such as fly ash, is a promising sequestration technology to reduce CO₂ emissions in small-/medium-sized plants. In this paper, the carbonation capacity of a leachate rich in Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ contents was examined to clarify the competition between the carbonation of these two cations and the speciation of the resulting carbonate precipitate, under the mild carbonation conditions using 20–80 °C and atmospheric pressure. As confirmed, the carbonation precipitation of the two cations was completed in 30–40 min. At room temperature, increasing the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar ratio was in favor of the carbonation rate of Mg²⁺, which is maximized at the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar ratio of 2. In contrast, the carbonation rate of Ca²⁺ was decreased monotonically as a result of the competition from Mg²⁺. For both cations, their carbonation rate was maximized at 60 °C. In comparison to the formation of predominant calcite and vaterite in the presence of sole Ca²⁺ in the leachate, the coexistence of two cations resulted in the preferential formation of amorphous species, aragonite and magnesian calcite. The quantity of the amorphous phase was increased remarkably upon increasing the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar ratio at room temperature. An increase in the carbonation temperature further deteriorated the crystallization of the carbonation precipitate, resulting in the increase of the amount of amorphous species and the phase change of calcium carbonate from calcite to aragonite