Politicians promotion incentives and bank risk exposure in China

This paper shows that politicians’ pressure to climb the career ladder increases bank risk exposure in their region. Chinese local politicians are set growth targets in their region that are relative to each other. Growth is stimulated by debt-financed programs which are mainly financed via bank loans. The stronger the performance incentive the riskier the respective local bank exposure becomes. This effect holds primarily for local banks which are under a certain degree of control of local politicians and it has increased with the release of recent stimulus packages requiring local co-financing

THE EFFECTS OF A 16-WEEK TAI CHI INTERVENTION PROGRAM ON NEUROMUSCULAR RESPONSES AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY IN ELDERLYS

This study examined the effects of a 16-week Tai Chi (TC) training program on muscle strength and endurance of the knee and the ankle, as well as the neuromuscular response to perturbation among elderly people. Forty elderly individuals participated in and completed the study. They were randomly placed into either the TC intervention group (n=22) or the control group (n=18), after which pre- and post-intervention measurements were conducted. The maximum concentric strength and endurance of the knee and ankle were measured by an isokinetic dynamometer. The neuromuscular response indicated by the reaction time of the muscles in the lower limb was examined by measuring the onset latency of the muscles to perturbations on the ankle joint through an electromyography system. The results showed that the 16-week TC intervention the significantly increased knee flexor strength and improved the latency of semitendinous muscle