2,202 research outputs found
MORE: Measurement and Correlation Based Variational Quantum Circuit for Multi-classification
Quantum computing has shown considerable promise for compute-intensive tasks
in recent years. For instance, classification tasks based on quantum neural
networks (QNN) have garnered significant interest from researchers and have
been evaluated in various scenarios. However, the majority of quantum
classifiers are currently limited to binary classification tasks due to either
constrained quantum computing resources or the need for intensive classical
post-processing. In this paper, we propose an efficient quantum
multi-classifier called MORE, which stands for measurement and correlation
based variational quantum multi-classifier. MORE adopts the same variational
ansatz as binary classifiers while performing multi-classification by fully
utilizing the quantum information of a single readout qubit. To extract the
complete information from the readout qubit, we select three observables that
form the basis of a two-dimensional Hilbert space. We then use the quantum
state tomography technique to reconstruct the readout state from the
measurement results. Afterward, we explore the correlation between classes to
determine the quantum labels for classes using the variational quantum
clustering approach. Next, quantum label-based supervised learning is performed
to identify the mapping between the input data and their corresponding quantum
labels. Finally, the predicted label is determined by its closest quantum label
when using the classifier. We implement this approach using the Qiskit Python
library and evaluate it through extensive experiments on both noise-free and
noisy quantum systems. Our evaluation results demonstrate that MORE, despite
using a simple ansatz and limited quantum resources, achieves advanced
performance.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering
(QCE23
Transformable Super-Isostatic Crystals Self-Assembled from Segment Colloidal Rods
Colloidal particles can spontaneously self-assemble into ordered structures,
which not only can manipulate the propagation of light, but also vibration or
phonons. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we study the self-assembly of perfectly
aligned segment rod particles with lateral flat cutting. Under the help of
surface attractions, we find that particles with different cutting degree can
self-assemble into different crystal phases characterized by bond coordination
that varies from 3 to 6. Importantly, we identify a transformable
super-isostatic structures with \emph{pgg} symmetry and redundant bonds
(). We find that this structure can support either the soft bulk model or
soft edge model depending on its Poisson's ratio which can be tuned from
positive to negative by a uniform soft deformation. Importantly, the bulk soft
modes are associated with states of self-stress along the direction of zero
strain during the uniform soft deformation. This self-assembled transformable
super-isostatic structure may act as mechanical metamaterials with potential
application in micro-mechanical engineering.Comment: 11pages,5 figure
Anti-tumor effects of CIK combined with oxaliplatin in human oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Drug resistance remains a great challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer. The goal of this study was to explore the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell combined with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in human oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>After producing oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells, cell morphology, growth and doubling time were observed, followed by detection of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, drug sensitivity (e.g., L-OHP) and expression of P-gp and livin. MTT assay, in vivo pharmacodynamics and pathomorphology experiments were used to detect killing activities of CIK combined with L-OHP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with parental gastric cancer cells, oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells in S phase were reduced and cell apoptosis rate was increased (P < 0.05), the inhibition rate of 10 chemotherapeutics on oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells was significantly lower and the expression of P-gp was significantly higher (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in livin expression between parental gastric cancer cells and oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells (P > 0.05). The in vitro killing activity of CIK combined with L-OHP on parental cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells were significantly enhanced compared with L-OHP or CIK alone. And it showed greater synergetic effects against oxaliplatin-resistant cells compared with parental cells (P < 0.05). In addition, survival rate, abdominal circumference and pathomorphology results revealed stronger in vivo anti-tumor effects when the two therapies were combined.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The mechanism of oxaliplatin-resistant cell secondary multidrug resistance was correlated with the variation of cell cycle distribution, extension of doubling time and upregulation of P-gp expression. The synergistic effect of CIK in combination with L-OHP on killing activity against oxaliplatin-resistant cells was shown in vivo and in vitro.</p
Coherent population trapping in a dressed two-level atom via a bichromatic field
We show theoretically that by applying a bichromatic electromagnetic field,
the dressed states of a monochromatically driven two-level atom can be pumped
into a coherent superposition termed as dressed-state coherent population
trapping. Such effect can be viewed as a new doorknob to manipulate a two-level
system via its control over dressed-state populations. Application of this
effect in the precision measurement of Rabi frequency, the unexpected
population inversion and lasing without inversion are discussed to demonstrate
such controllability.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Calpain-Mediated Protein Targets in Cardiac Mitochondria Following Ischemia–Reperfusion
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)–reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC–REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC–REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC–REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia–reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC–REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia–reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol
Duality,Hidden Symmetry and Dynamic Isomerism in 2D Hinge Structures
Recently, a new type of duality was reported in some deformable mechanical
networks which exhibit Kramers-like degeneracy in phononic spectrum at the
self-dual point. In this work, we clarify the origin of this duality and
propose a design principle of 2D self-dual structures with arbitrary
complexity. We find that this duality originates from the (PCI) symmetry of the
hinge, which belongs to a more general end-fixed scaling transformation. This
symmetry gives the structure an extra degree of freedom without modifying its
dynamics. This results in , i.e., dissimilar 2D mechanical structures, either
periodic or aperiodic, having identical dynamic modes, based on which we
demonstrate a new type of wave-guide without reflection or loss. Moreover, the
PCI symmetry allows us to design various 2D periodic isostatic networks with
hinge duality. At last, by further studying a 2D non-mechanical magnonic
system, we show that the duality and the associated hidden symmetry should
exist in a broad range of Hamiltonian systems.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
The sensitivity and specificity of one field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography for DR screening
AIM:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography and direct ophthalmoscopy for diabetic retinopathy(DR)screening, compared with fundus fluorescein angiography( FFA ).<p>METHODS:All 93 patients of type 1 or 2 diabetic who have underwent one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography, and direct ophthalmoscopy with dilation of their pupils, and FFA by ophthalmologists. The sensitivity and specificity of one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography and direct ophthalmoscopy were calculated respectively, compared with FFA.<p>RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of one-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography for detection of any DR were 80.4% and 94.7%; The sensitivity and specificity of direct ophthalmoscopy for detection of any DR were 64.2% and 84.2%; After the standard for referable DR being lowered down to the moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(M-NPDR), the sensitivity and specificity of non-mydriatic digital fundus photography for detection were 88.9% and 98.4%, the sensitivity and specificity of direct ophthalmoscopy for detection were 71.5% and 96.7%.<p>CONCLUSION: One-field non-mydriatic digital fundus photography is an effective method for DR screening
COPEN: Probing Conceptual Knowledge in Pre-trained Language Models
Conceptual knowledge is fundamental to human cognition and knowledge bases.
However, existing knowledge probing works only focus on evaluating factual
knowledge of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and ignore conceptual
knowledge. Since conceptual knowledge often appears as implicit commonsense
behind texts, designing probes for conceptual knowledge is hard. Inspired by
knowledge representation schemata, we comprehensively evaluate conceptual
knowledge of PLMs by designing three tasks to probe whether PLMs organize
entities by conceptual similarities, learn conceptual properties, and
conceptualize entities in contexts, respectively. For the tasks, we collect and
annotate 24k data instances covering 393 concepts, which is COPEN, a COnceptual
knowledge Probing bENchmark. Extensive experiments on different sizes and types
of PLMs show that existing PLMs systematically lack conceptual knowledge and
suffer from various spurious correlations. We believe this is a critical
bottleneck for realizing human-like cognition in PLMs. COPEN and our codes are
publicly released at https://github.com/THU-KEG/COPEN.Comment: Accepted by EMNLP 202
Workers and alate queens of Solenopsis geminata share qualitatively similar but quantitatively different venom alkaloid chemistry
Solenopsis geminata group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) encompasses ant species commonly called fire ants because of their painful sting. The many physiological effects of the venom are caused by 2-methyl-6-alkyl and/or alkenylpiperidine alkaloids. The variation in piperidine alkaloid structures has useful taxonomic characters. The most well studied Solenopsis species is S. invicta, which was accidentally imported into the USA in the 1930s from South America. It quickly spread throughout the southern USA and is now a major invasive pest ant in the USA and in other parts of the world. Interestingly, the invasive S. invicta has largely displaced a native USA fire ant, S. geminata, from the southern USA. We explore the possibility that differences in venom chemistry could be correlated with this displacement. The cis and trans alkaloids from body extracts of workers and alate queens of S. geminata were separated by silica gel chromatography, identified, and quantitated by GC-MS analysis. Both workers and alate queens produce primarily cis- and trans-2-methyl-6-n-undecyl-piperidines, as well as other minor alkaloid components. Imported fire ant, S. invicta, alate queens produce the same alkaloids as S. geminata alate queens, but in contrast S. invicta workers produce piperidine alkaloids with longer side chains, which are purported to be physiologically more effective. These results are discussed in relation to the evolutionary progression of fire ant venom alkaloids and displacement of S. geminata by S. invicta in the USA
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