Electromagnetic counterparts of high-frequency gravitational waves having additional polarization states: distinguishing and probing tensor-mode, vector-mode and scalar-mode gravitons

GWs from extra dimensions, very early universe, and some high-energy astrophysical process, might have at most six polarizations: plus- and cross-type (tensor-mode gravitons), x-, y-type (vector-mode), and b-, l-type (scalar-mode). Peak or partial peak regions of some of such GWs are just distributed in GHz or higher frequency band, which would be optimal band for electromagnetic(EM) response. In this paper we investigate EM response to such high-frequency GWs(HFGWs) having additional polarizations. For the first time we address:(1)concrete forms of analytic solutions for perturbed EM fields caused by HFGWs having all six possible polarizations in background stable EM fields; (2)perturbed EM signals of HFGWs with additional polarizations in three-dimensional-synchro-resonance-system(3DSR system) and in galactic-extragalactic background EM fields. These perturbative EM fields are actually EM counterparts of HFGWs, and such results provide a novel way to simultaneously distinguish and display all possible six polarizations. It is also shown: (i)In EM response, pure cross-, x-type and pure y-type polarizations can independently generate perturbative photon fluxes(PPFs, signals), while plus-, b- and l-type polarizations produce PPFs in different combination states. (ii) All such six polarizations have separability and detectability. (iii)In EM response to HFGWs from extra-dimensions, distinguishing and displaying different polarizations would be quite possible due to their very high frequencies, large energy densities and special properties of spectrum. (iv)Detection band(10^8 to 10^12 Hz or higher) of PPFs by 3DSR and observation range(7*10^7 to 3*10^9 Hz) of PPFs by FAST (Five-hundred-meter-Aperture-Spherical Telescope, China), have a certain overlapping property, so their coincidence experiments will have high complementarity.Comment: 27 pages, 16 figure

Writing Oneself as a Writer: Intellectual Identity and Moral Agency in Contemporary Chinese Novels

The discussion of “identity” in current scholarship on modern Chinese literature is mostly centered on the political dynamics between national, cultural, and gender identity. Contemporary Chinese language novels from late 1990s to the present, however, seem to show a sense of confusion and disorientation towards one’s existence in the rapidly changing society. Among the works that address individual’s existential crisis, self-reflexive novels are particularly intriguing as they reveal a strong sense of self-doubt on part of the author, and in particular, towards one’s role as a writer in contemporary society. This dissertation investigates this sense of self-doubt by examining closely four self-reflexive novels written by writers from PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Qiu Huadong’s Confession at Noon (2000), Yan Lianke’s Feng Ya Song (2008), Wu He’s Thinking of Abang Kadresengan (1997), and Dung Kai-cheung’s Exploitations of the Works of Nature, Xuxu and Ruzhen (2005). In these novels, each author incorporates different narrative strategies to conduct a moral inquiry into both the meaning of writing and one’s function as a writer-intellectual in contemporary society. Despite having differing historical experience, these authors reveal a shared intellectual identity reminiscent of the traditional Chinese wenren or “literati,” who believe in the power of writing in guiding one towards a moral path. Such a shared intellectual identity indicates a common moral ground on which writers and intellectuals from the three Chinese-speaking regions can conduct a dialogue transcendent of political conflicts and cultural/historical barriers