Factors affecting management earnings forecast in corporate governance structure: Evidence in China

This paper selects the seven factors from the perspective of corporate governance to research how these factors affect the management earnings forecast accuracy for voluntary disclosures. These factors include the size of the board of directors, the proportion of independent directors, the size of the board of supervisors, the CEO duality, management compensation, management shareholding ratio and equity concentration. The results of empirical study demonstrate that there is no significant relationship between the size of the board of directors, the size of the board of supervisors, management compensation and the veracity of management profits forecast. In addition, the CEO duality, the high management shareholding ratio, the high concentration of equity could increase the management profits forecast accuracy. Conversely, the higher the proportion of independent directors can lower the accuracy of management earnings forecast. When robust error test and robustness test are performed, the significant results and correlation coefficients do not change significantly, therefore the empirical results have a certain degree of persuasiveness. Keywords: Corporate governance; Management earnings forecast accuracy; Characteristics of board of directors; Characteristics of Board of supervisors; Characteristics of management; Ownership structur

A modelling study of the multiphase leakage flow from pressurised CO2 pipeline

The accidental leakage is one of the main risks during the pipeline transportation of high pressure CO2. The decompression process of high pressure CO2 involves complex phase transition and large variations of the pressure and temperature fields. A mathematical method based on the homogeneous equilibrium mixture assumption is presented for simulating the leakage flow through a nozzle in a pressurised CO2 pipeline. The decompression process is represented by two sub-models: the flow in the pipe is represented by the blowdown model, while the leakage flow through the nozzle is calculated with the capillary tube assumption. In the simulation, two kinds of real gas equations of state were employed in this model instead of the ideal gas equation of state. Moreover, results of the flow through the nozzle and measurement data obtained from laboratory experiments of pressurised CO2 pipeline leakage were compared for the purpose of validation. The thermodynamic processes of the fluid both in the pipeline and the nozzle were described and analysed

An experimental investigation of supercritical CO2 accidental release from a pressurized pipeline

Experiments at laboratory scales have been conducted to investigate the behavior of the release of supercritical CO2 from pipelines including the rapid depressurization process and jet flow phenomena at different sizes of the leakage nozzle. The dry ice bank formed near the leakage nozzle is affected by the size of the leakage nozzle. The local Nusselt numbers at the leakage nozzle are calculated and the data indicate enhanced convective heat transfer for larger leakage holes. The mass outflow rates for different sizes of leakage holes are obtained and compared with two typical accidental gas release mathematical models. The results show that the “hole model” has a better prediction than the “modified model” for small leakage holes. The experiments provide fundamental data for the CO2 supercritical-gas multiphase flows in the leakage process, which can be used to guide the development of the leakage detection technology and risk assessment for the CO2 pipeline transportation

Rapid assessment of malnutrition based on GLIM diagnosis in Crohn’s disease

Background and aimsMalnutrition is strongly linked to adverse outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). In this study, our objective was to validate the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and develop a fast and accurate diagnostic approach for identifying malnutrition in CD patients.MethodsThis study assessed 177 CD patients from four general hospitals. The efficacy of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of CD malnutrition was compared. By analyzing the independent factors, a nomogram model was derived and internally validated to predict the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with CD. Model performance was assessed using discrimination and calibration, decision curves, and net benefit analyses.ResultsCompared with the SGA criteria, the GLIM criteria was consistent in sensitivity (88.89%) and specificity (78.43%) [AUC = 0.84; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.77–0.89]. The Harvey-Bradshaw index(HBI) score (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.15–2.18), body mass index (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.27–0.64), and mid-upper arm circumference (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.9) were independent factors associated with malnutrition. The nomogram was developed based on these indicators showing good discrimination in malnutrition diagnosis (AUC = 0.953; 95% CI: 0.922–0.984), with agreement after calibration curve and decision curve analysis.ConclusionThe GLIM criteria are appropriate for diagnosing malnutrition in CD patients. The HBI score may be used to diagnose malnutrition in patients with CD and become a possible selection for the GLIM etiologic criteria of inflammation. The HBM nomogram could be a simple, rapid, and efficient method for diagnosing malnutrition in CD patients