433,501 research outputs found
Lithium production on a low-mass secondary in a black hole soft X-ray transient
We examine production of Li on the surface of a low-mass secondary in a black
hole soft X-ray transient (BHSXT) through the spallation of CNO nuclei by
neutrons which are ejected from a hot (> 10 MeV) advection-dominated accretion
flow (ADAF) around the black hole. Using updated binary parameters, cross
sections of neutron-induced spallation reactions, and mass accretion rates in
ADAF derived from the spectrum fitting of multi-wavelength observations of
quiescent BHSXTs, we obtain the equilibrium abundances of Li by equating the
production rate of Li and the mass transfer rate through accretion to the black
hole. The resulting abundances are found to be in good agreement with the
observed values in seven BHSXTs. We note that the abundances vary in a
timescale longer than a few months in our model. Moreover, the isotopic ratio
Li6/Li7 is calculated to be about 0.7--0.8 on the secondaries, which is much
higher than the ratio measured in meteorites. Detection of such a high value is
favorable to the production of Li via spallation and the existence of a hot
accretion flow, rather than an accretion disk corona system in quiescent BHSXT.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables, submitted to Astrophyscal Jounal
Letter
Improved of Approximating Function Li(x)
Let pi(x) be the prime-counting function that gives the number of primes less than or equal to x, for any positive number x and let the approximating function Li(x) denote the off set integral logarithm of x. This function is a good approximation to the number of prime numbers less than x. We propose a simple modification of Li(x) gauss prediction function for reduces of pi(x)-Li(x)
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Ownership structure and new product development in transnational corporations in China
This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright @ 2008 United Nations.This paper examines the relationship between the ownership structure
and new product development (NPD) at the affiliates of transnational
corporations in China. Seven research hypotheses are tested on a panel
data set covering 10,000 manufacturing firms with foreign involvement
for the period 1998-2001. The results from probit and tobit models
show that contractual joint ventures, equity joint ventures and joint stock
enterprises are better organizational forms than wholly owned enterprises
for increasing both the probability and intensity of NPD. We also find
that ventures with OECD participation are more likely to be involved in
NPD than those with participation by “overseas” Chinese TNCs
Discovery of Li2(Pd,Pt)3B superconductors
Critical temperature Tc of the Li2(Pd1-xPtx)3B was reported to be 7-8K for
x=0 and 2.2-2.8K for x=1. In this article we present our preliminary results on
behavior of magnetization-temperature curves with starting composition of Pd-B
precursor, y-Li concentration in LiyPd3B and post-annealing of the Pd-end
compound. Results suggest that to maximize Tc ratio Pd:B should be close to
3:1, while y-Li has to be optimum. The lowest Tc for LiyPd3B was 4.4-4.6K,
while post-annealings at 560 deg. C allowed enhancement of Tc up to 8.2-8.4K.
Compositions Li2Z3B with Z=Ni, Ru, Rh, Re, Ag are not superconducting down to
1.8K. Exception is composition with Re showing superconductivity due to Re3B
compound. All samples were prepared by arc melting.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figs. presented at M2S, 200
First Principles Studies of KNbO, KTaO and LiTaO Solid Solutions
KTaO_3-based solid solutions exhibit a variety of interesting physical
phenomena. To better understand these phenomena, we performed first-principles
calculations on [K_{1-x}, Li_x]TaO_3 (KLT) and K[Ta_{1-x}, Nb_x]O_3 (KTN)
supercells. Our results show Li displacements and potential barrier heights in
KLT that are in excellent agreement with values obtained from experimental
fits. Dramatic changes in B-site dynamical charges occur in KTN in response to
changes in near neighbor (nn) coordination. These effects can be explained by
heterogeneity in the local electronic dielectric permittivity.Comment: 4 figure
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