An illustration of a two-layer wait time model.

<p>(Cath: the abbreviation of catheterization; Surgery: the shorter form of cardiac surgery; H1-H9: the research hypotheses; +/−: a positive or a negative relationship between the variables towards the arrow.)</p

A summary of the secondary data used in this study.

<p>CU: Catheterization unit; SU: Cardiac surgery unit; U: the urgent category; S: the semi-urgent category; E: the elective category.</p

The unit framework of cardiac care drawn from the cardiac treatment guidelines [<b>45</b>][<b>46</b>].

<p>(ECG: Electrocardiogram; PTCA: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.)</p

The research framework with the summarization of the impact factors for throughput and wait time.

<p>The research framework with the summarization of the impact factors for throughput and wait time.</p

PLS test results for extended two-layer wait time model with risk profiles in SU.

<p>(Cath: the abbreviation of catheterization; Surgery: the shorter form of cardiac surgery.)</p

Suppression of Copper Thin Film Loss during Graphene Synthesis

Thin metal films can be used to catalyze the growth of nanomaterials in place of the bulk metal, while greatly reducing the amount of material used. A big drawback of copper thin films (0.5–1.5 μm thick) is that, under high temperature/vacuum synthesis, the mass loss of films severely reduces the process time due to discontinuities in the metal film, thereby limiting the time scale for controlling metal grain and film growth. In this work, we have developed a facile method, namely “covered growth” to extend the time copper thin films can be exposed to high temperature/vacuum environment for graphene synthesis. The key to preventing severe mass loss of copper film during the high temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is to have a cover piece on top of the growth substrate. This new “covered growth” method enables the high-temperature annealing of the copper film upward of 4 h with minimal mass loss, while increasing copper film grain and graphene domain size. Graphene was then successfully grown on the capped copper film with subsequent transfer for device fabrication. Device characterization indicated equivalent physical, chemical, and electrical properties to conventional CVD graphene. Our “covered growth” provides a convenient and effective solution to the mass loss issue of thin films that serve as catalysts for a variety of 2D material syntheses

PLS test results based on a formative measurement model.

<p>(Cath: the abbreviation of catheterization; Surgery: the shorter form of cardiac surgery.)</p

A summary of hypotheses testing results.

<p>A summary of hypotheses testing results.</p

Analysis of the correlation between strength and fractal dimension of gravelly soil in debris-flow source areas

Particle size distribution of gravelly soil plays a crucial role in debris flow initiation. For better understanding the mechanism of debris flow formation, two crucial mechanical property parameters of the gravelly soil are required to be studied meticulously: hydraulic conductivity and strength. With the aim of measuring the composition of the gravelly soil, 182 soil samples were taken from debris flow prone areas. With the aid of a sieve test, the particle size distribution of the samples can be obtained and analyzed. Then fractal theory was employed to compute the fractal dimension of the soil samples. By analyzing the results of sieve test (particle size distribution curves) and the results of the fractal theory calculations, the relationship between fractal dimension and particle size distribution can be explored. The results illustrate that the particle compositions of the gravelly soil tends to remain uniform as the fractal dimension increases. Moreover, as the coarse particle content increases, the fractal dimension decreases. To better understand the formation mechanism of debris flows, direct shear tests were conducted. Subsequently the experimental results were analyzed. By analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: the soil strength decreases as the fractal dimension increases, and for soils with lower moisture content and identical dry density, a linear relationship between fractal dimension and cohesion force was identified. Moreover, cohesion force and internal friction force both decrease as the fractal dimension increases, but the internal friction angle decreases slightly while the cohesion force decreases greatly. Therefore we concluded that soil strength decreased mainly due to the reduction in cohesion force

Solvent-Dependent Copper-Catalyzed Indolyl C3-Oxygenation and N1-Cyclization Reactions: Selective Synthesis of 3<i>H</i>‑Indol-3-ones and Indolo[1,2‑<i>c</i>]quinazolines

A simple and practical procedure for the selective preparation of 3<i>H</i>-indol-3-one and indolo­[1,2-<i>c</i>]­quinazoline derivatives through copper-catalyzed aerobic oxygenation and intramolecular cyclization reactions of 2-(2-amidoaryl)-1<i>H</i>-indoles in the presence of acid has been disclosed. Interestingly, the reaction outcomes are exclusively dependent on the reaction medium employed. With DMF as the solvent, the amide moiety of indole substrates could act as an auxiliary to enable the indole’s oxygenation reaction with molecular oxygen from air as the oxidant to give 3<i>H</i>-indol-3-one derivatives in a highly selective manner. On the other hand, when the reactions were performed in 1,4-dioxane, the amide moiety switched to participate in an intramolecular indolyl N1-cyclization to afford indolo­[1,2-<i>c</i>]­quinazolines as the predominating products