7,327 research outputs found

    X-Ray Flares of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Quakes of Solid Quark Stars?

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    We propose a star-quake model to understand X-ray flares of both long and short Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in a solid quark star regime. Two kinds of central engines for GRBs are available if pulsar-like stars are actually (solid) quark stars, i.e., the SNE-type GRBs and the SGR-type GRBs. It is found that a quark star could be solidified about 10^3 to 10^6 s later after its birth if the critical temperature of phase transition is a few MeV, and then a new source of free energy (i.e., elastic and gravitational ones, rather than rotational or magnetic energy) could be possible to power GRB X-ray flares.Comment: 8 pages, latex file. 2 figures. To appear in Science in China Series

    Measurement of the branching fractions of psi(2S) -> 3(pi+pi-) and J/psi -> 2(pi+pi-)

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    Using data samples collected at sqrt(s) = 3.686GeV and 3.650GeV by the BESII detector at the BEPC, the branching fraction of psi(2S) -> 3(pi+pi-) is measured to be [4.83 +- 0.38(stat) +- 0.69(syst)] x 10^-4, and the relative branching fraction of J/psi -> 2(pi+pi-) to that of J/psi -> mu+mu- is measured to be [5.86 +- 0.19(stat) +- 0.39(syst)]% via psi(2S) -> (pi+pi-)J/psi, J/psi -> 2(pi+pi-). The electromagnetic form factor of 3(pi+pi-) is determined to be 0.21 +- 0.02 and 0.20 +- 0.01 at sqrt(s) = 3.686GeV and 3.650GeV, respectively.Comment: 17pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    A Unified Approach to the Classical Statistical Analysis of Small Signals

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    We give a classical confidence belt construction which unifies the treatment of upper confidence limits for null results and two-sided confidence intervals for non-null results. The unified treatment solves a problem (apparently not previously recognized) that the choice of upper limit or two-sided intervals leads to intervals which are not confidence intervals if the choice is based on the data. We apply the construction to two related problems which have recently been a battle-ground between classical and Bayesian statistics: Poisson processes with background, and Gaussian errors with a bounded physical region. In contrast with the usual classical construction for upper limits, our construction avoids unphysical confidence intervals. In contrast with some popular Bayesian intervals, our intervals eliminate conservatism (frequentist coverage greater than the stated confidence) in the Gaussian case and reduce it to a level dictated by discreteness in the Poisson case. We generalize the method in order to apply it to analysis of experiments searching for neutrino oscillations. We show that this technique both gives correct coverage and is powerful, while other classical techniques that have been used by neutrino oscillation search experiments fail one or both of these criteria.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figures. Changes 15-Dec-99 to agree more closely with published version. A few small changes, plus the two substantive changes we made in proof back in 1998: 1) The definition of "sensitivity" in Sec. V(C). It was inconsistent with our actual definition in Sec. VI. 2) "Note added in proof" at end of the Conclusio

    Measurement of the chi_{c2} Polarization in psi(2S) to gamma chi_{c2}

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    The polarization of the chi_{c2} produced in psi(2S) decays into gamma chi_{c2} is measured using a sample of 14*10^6 psi(2S) events collected by BESII at the BEPC. A fit to the chi_{c2} production and decay angular distributions in psi(2S) to gamma chi_{c2}, chi_{c2} to pi pi and KK yields values x=A_1/A_0=2.08+/-0.44 and y=A_2/A_0=3.03 +/-0.66, with a correlation rho=0.92 between them, where A_{0,1,2} are the chi_{c2} helicity amplitudes. The measurement agrees with a pure E1 transition, and M2 and E3 contributions do not differ significantly from zero.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

    Partial wave analysis of J/psi to p pbar pi0

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    Using a sample of 58 million J/ψJ/\psi events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, more than 100,000 J/ψppˉπ0J/\psi \to p\bar p \pi^0 events are selected, and a detailed partial wave analysis is performed. The branching fraction is determined to be Br(J/ψppˉπ0)=(1.33±0.02±0.11)×103Br(J/\psi \to p \bar p \pi^0)=(1.33 \pm 0.02 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{-3}. A long-sought `missing' NN^*, first observed in J/ψpnˉπJ/\psi \to p \bar n \pi^-, is observed in this decay too, with mass and width of 20404+3±252040_{-4}^{+3}\pm 25 MeV/c2^2 and 2308+8±52230_{-8}^{+8}\pm 52 MeV/c2^2, respectively. Its spin-parity favors 3/2+{3/2}^+. The masses, widths, and spin-parities of other NN^* states are obtained as well.Comment: Add one author nam

    Observation of p pbar pi^0 and p pbar eta in psi' decays

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    The processes psi'-->p pbar pi^0 and psi'-->p pbar eta are studied using a sample of 14 million psi' decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The branching fraction of psi'-->p pbar pi^0 is measured with improved precision as (13.2\pm 1.0\pm 1.5)\times 10^{-5}, and psi'-->p pbar eta is observed for the first time with a branching fraction of (5.8\pm 1.1\pm 0.7)\times 10^{-5}, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures and 3 table

    Measurements of J/psi decays into phi pi^0, phi eta, and phi eta^prime

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    Based on 5.8x10^7 J/psi events detected in BESII, the branching fractions of J/psi--> phi eta and phi eta^prime are measured for different eta and eta^prime decay modes. The results are significantly higher than previous measurements. An upper limit on B(J/psi--> phi pi^0) is also obtained.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

    Experimental study of ψ(2S)\psi(2S) decays to \K^+ K^- \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0 final states

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    K+Kπ+ππ0K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0 final states are studied using a sample of 14×10614\times10^6 ψ(2S)\psi(2S) decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESII) at the Beijing Electron-Position Collider. The branching fractions of ψ(2S)\psi(2S) decays to K+Kπ+ππ0 K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0, ωK+K\omega K^+ K^-, ωf0(1710)\omega f_0(1710), K(892)0Kπ+π0+c.c. K^{\ast}(892)^0 K^- \pi^+\pi^0+c.c., K(892)+Kπ+π+c.c.K^{\ast}(892)^{+} K^- \pi^+\pi^- +c.c., K(892)+Kρ0+c.c.K^{\ast}(892)^{+} K^- \rho^0+c.c. and K(892)0Kρ++c.c.K^{\ast}(892)^0 K^-\rho^+ + c.c. are determined. The first two agree with previous measurements, and the last five are first measurements.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

    Change of rotation measure during eclipse of a black widow PSR J2051-0827

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    Black widows are millisecond pulsars ablating their companions. The material blown from the companion blocks the radio emission, resulting in radio eclipses. The properties of the eclipse medium are poorly understood. Here, we present direct evidence of the existence of magnetic fields in the eclipse medium of the black widow PSR J2051-0827 using observations made with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We detect a regular decrease in rotation measure (RM) in the egress of eclipse, changing from 60radm260\,\rm rad\,m^{-2} to 28.7radm2-28.7\,\rm rad\,m^{-2}. The RM gradually changes back to normal when the line-of-sight moves away from the eclipse. The estimated line-of-sight magnetic field strength in the eclipse medium is 0.1\sim 0.1 G. The RM reversal could be caused by a change of the magnetic field strength along the line of sight due to binary orbital motion. The RM reversal phenomenon has also been observed in some repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs), and the study of spider pulsars may provide additional information about the origin of FRBs.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accept for publication in Ap
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