Genetic analysis of phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) gene function and regulation in common wheat

Transcriptome details for three transgenic lines with the most significantly reduced YPC and non-transformed controls. (DOCX 18 kb

Prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among Chinese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional, multicenter, retrospective, observational study based on 3B study database

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsMedical records were retrospectively retrieved from the 3B Study database, which provided a comprehensive assessment of comorbid conditions in Chinese adult outpatients with T2DM. Patient characteristics, laboratory measures, and comorbidities were summarized via descriptive analyses, overall and by subgroups of age (<65, 65–74, 75 years) and gender.ResultsAmong 25,454 eligible patients, 53% were female, and the median age was 63 years. The median time of diabetes duration was 6.18 years. A total of 20,309 (79.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition alongside T2DM. The prevalence of patients with one, two, three, and four or more comorbid conditions was 28.0%, 24.6%, 15.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. Comorbidity burden increased with longer T2DM duration. Older age groups also exhibited higher comorbidity burden. Females with T2DM had a higher overall percentage of comorbidities compared to males (42.7% vs. 37.1%). The most common comorbid conditions in T2DM patients were hypertension (HTN) in 59.9%, overweight/obesity in 58.3%, hyperlipidemia in 42.0%, retinopathy in 16.5%, neuropathy in 15.2%, cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 14.9%, and renal disease in 14.4%. The highest co-prevalence was observed for overweight/obesity and HTN (37.6%), followed by HTN and hyperlipidemia (29.8%), overweight/obesity and hyperlipidemia (27.3%), HTN and CVD (12.6%), HTN and retinopathy (12.1%), and HTN and renal disease (11.3%).ConclusionThe majority of T2DM patients exhibit multiple comorbidities. Considering the presence of multimorbidity is crucial in clinical decision-making.Systematic review registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT01128205

Effects of Poultry, Rabbit Meat and Fish Addition on Quality Attributes of Sichuan Sausages

To balance the nutrition and improve quality of sausages. This research investigated quality improvements of Sichuan sausages by 41.5% poultry, rabbit meat and fish addition. The moisture, crude fat, crude protein contents, pH, Aw, colour, texture, TBARS, protein carbonyl, free thiol groups, fatty acids composition and sensory attributes of pork, poultry, rabbit meat and fish mixture group sausages were evaluated. The results showed that the hardness of pork and rabbit meat mixture group sausages (76.37, 68.01 kg) was significant (P<0.05) higher than that of other 2 groups. The TBARS values in poultry meat and fish mixture group sausages (0.60, 0.63 mg MDA/kg) were significant (P<0.05) higher than that of rabbit meat mixture group. Only EPA and DHA were detected in fish mixture sausages. The ∑poly unsaturated fatty acids (19.96%) and ∑n-6:∑n-3 (22) in poultry meat mixture group sausages were significant (P<0.05) higher than that of other 3 groups. The overall quality scores of poultry and rabbit meat mixture group sausages (7.33, 7.05 points) were significant (P<0.05) higher than those of fish mixture groups. The results of this study indicated that the rabbit meat mixture group sausages had improved quality attributes, the yield rate management and application of liquid fat (vegetable and fish oil) addition could improve nutrition value of Sichuan sausages in the future work. The fish mixture group sausages had better fatty acids composition, and a slightly higher fat oxidation level, thus the application of antioxidates and de-fishy substances could be added in fish-based sausages to control fat oxidation and improve whole sausage quality and sensory attributes

Blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control status in Chinese hypertensive dyslipidemia patients during lipid-lowering therapy

Abstract ᅟ The present study comprised 17,096 Chinese hypertensive dyslipidemia patients who received lipid-lowering treatment for > 3 months in order to investigate blood pressure (BP) as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment rates in Chinese hypertensive dyslipidemia patients on antidyslipidemia drugs. The factors that interfered with BP, or BP and LDL-C goal attainment rates and antihypertensive treatment patterns, were analyzed. In total, 89.9% of the 17,096 hypertensive dyslipidemia patients received antihypertensive medications mainly consisting of a calcium channel blocker (CCB) (48.7%), an angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) (25.4%) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (15.1%). In cardiology departments, usage rates of β-blockers (19.2%) were unusually high compared to other departments (4.0–8.3%), whereas thiazide diuretics were prescribed at the lowest rate (0.3% vs 1.2–3.6%). The overall goal attainment rates for combined BP and LDL-C as well as BP or LDL-C targets were 22.9, 31.9 and 60.1%, respectively. The lowest BP, LDL-C and BP combined with LDL-C goal attainment rates were achieved in endocrine departments (19.9, 48.9 and 12.4%, respectively). Combination therapies showed no benefit particularly for BP goal achievement. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age < 65 years, alcohol consumption, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2 and not achieving total cholesterol goals were independent predictors for achieving BP, LDL-C or combined BP and LDL-C goals. In summary, the BP and LDL-C goal achievement rates in Chinese dyslipidemia outpatients with hypertension were low, especially in endocrine departments. Combination therapies were not associated with improvement of the goal achievement rates. Trial registration Clinical trial registration number NCT0173295

Identification of Signatures of Selection for Litter Size and Pubertal Initiation in Two Sheep Populations

Fecundity is an important economic trait in sheep that directly affects their economic and productive efficiency. Our study aimed to identify SNP loci associated with sheep puberty or litter size which could be used in future breeding programs to improve fertility. Genomic DNA was obtained from Hetian and Cele Black sheep breeds and used for reduced-representation genome sequencing to identify SNP loci associated with pubertal initiation and litter size. Selective signatures analysis was performed based on the fixation index and nucleotide diversity, followed by pathway analysis of the genes contained in the selected regions. The selected SNP loci in the genes associated with pubertal initiation and litter size were validated using both sheep breeds. In total, 384,718 high quality SNPs were obtained and 376 genes were selected. Functional annotation of genes and enrichment analysis identified 12 genes associated with pubertal initiation and 11 genes associated with litter size. SNP locus validation showed that two SNP on PAK1 and four on ADCY1 may be associated with pubertal initiation, and one SNP on GNAQ gene (NC_040253.1: g.62677376G > A) was associated with litter size in Cele Black sheep. Our results provide new theoretical support for sheep breeding

Diversity of polyphenols in the peel of apple (Malus sp.) germplasm from different countries of origin

This study investigated ten polyphenolic compounds in the peel of 145 apple cultivars grown in the same location while originated from different countries over two successive years. Despite significant year effect of individual and total polyphenol concentrations on each cultivar, both concentrations showed similar distributions in the 2 years, and genotypic correlations among them were relatively stable. Genotypic variations were considerable, with total polyphenol concentration ranging from 363.9 to 2516.9 mu g g(-1) FW. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was found only in red apple peels, at levels of 67.8-371.6 mu g g(-1) FW. Flavanols (epicatechin and catechin) and dihydrochalcones (mainly phloridzin) accounted for 8.8-66.1% and 8.58-61.2% of total polyphenols, respectively. Six flavonols (quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-xyloside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoglucoside) were identified. The proportion of flavonols was 9.3-70.6% of total polyphenols. This wide variation could help in selecting cultivars with different polyphenol patterns in the peel. Principal component analysis showed that cultivars originated from different countries could not be distinguished in terms of polyphenol profiles

Study on reaction kinetics of single slime

The study of the combustion characteristics of single slime fuels is the basis for achieving clean combustion of solid fuels. This paper uses a combination of experimental and theoretical analysis, combined with the Coats-Redfen integration method, to study the influence of ash content and heating rate on the kinetic parameters of coal slime, and solve the combustion kinetic parameters. The results show that under the same heating rate, the activation energy gradually increases. As the ash content of coal slime increases, the activity of the coal slime sample decreases, and the reaction activation energy gradually increases