3,701 research outputs found
Three-Way Entanglement and Three-Qubit Phase Gate Based on a Coherent Six-Level Atomic System
We analyze the nonlinear optical response of a six-level atomic system under
a configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency. The giant
fifth-order nonlinearity generated in such a system with a relatively large
cross-phase modulation effect can produce efficient three-way entanglement and
may be used for realizing a three-qubit quantum phase gate. We demonstrate that
such phase gate can be transferred to a Toffoli gate, facilitating practical
applications in quantum information and computation.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
The dynamic dipole polarizabilities of the Li atom and the Be+ ion
The dynamic dipole polarizabilities for the Li atom and the Be+ ion in the 2s
and 2p states are calculated using the variational method with a Hylleraas
basis. The present polarizabilities represent the definitive values in the
non-relativistic limit. Corrections due to relativistic effects are also
estimated. Analytic representations of the polarizabilities for frequency
ranges encompassing the n=3 excitations are presented. The recommended
polarizabilities for ^7Li and ^9Be+ were 164.11 \pm 0.03 a.u. and 24.489 \pm
0.004 a.u.
Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Puupehenone-Type Marine Natural Products
Puupehenones have been isolated from the marine sponge Chondrosia chucalla, which belong to a growing family of natural products with more than 100 members. These marine natural products have attracted increasing attention mainly due to their wide variety of biological activities such as antitumor, antiviral, and anti-HIV, and thus offer promising opportunities for new drug development. This chapter covers the approaches to the total synthesis of puupehenone-type marine natural products including puupehenol, puupehenone, puupehedione, and halopuupehenones. The routes begin with the construction of their basic skeletons, followed by the modification of their C- and D-rings. The contents are divided into two sections in terms of the key strategies employed to construct the basic skeleton. One is the convergent synthesis route with two synthons coupled by nucleophilic or electrophilic reaction, and the other is the linear synthesis route with polyene series cyclization as a key reaction
Graph Contrastive Learning with Multi-Objective for Personalized Product Retrieval in Taobao Search
In e-commerce search, personalized retrieval is a crucial technique for
improving user shopping experience. Recent works in this domain have achieved
significant improvements by the representation learning paradigm, e.g.,
embedding-based retrieval (EBR) and collaborative filtering (CF). EBR methods
do not sufficiently exploit the useful collaborative signal and are difficult
to learn the representations of long-tail item well. Graph-based CF methods
improve personalization by modeling collaborative signal within the user click
graph. However, existing Graph-based methods ignore user's multiple behaviours,
such as click/purchase and the relevance constraint between user behaviours and
items.In this paper, we propose a Graph Contrastive Learning with
Multi-Objective (GCL-MO) collaborative filtering model, which solves the
problems of weak relevance and incomplete personalization in e-commerce search.
Specifically, GCL-MO builds a homogeneous graph of items and then optimizes a
multi-objective function of personalization and relevance. Moreover, we propose
a modified contrastive loss for multi-objectives graph learning, which avoids
the mutual suppression among positive samples and thus improves the
generalization and robustness of long-tail item representations. These learned
item embeddings are then used for personalized retrieval by constructing an
efficient offline-to-online inverted table. GCL-MO outperforms the online
collaborative filtering baseline in both offline/online experimental metrics
and shows a significant improvement in the online A/B testing of Taobao search
Isolation of nematicidal constituents from essential oil of Kaempferia galanga L rhizome and their activity against Heterodera avenae Wollenweber
Purpose: To explore the nematicidal activities of the essential oil of Kaempferia galanga rhizomes and its isolated constituents against Heterodera avenae.Methods: Essential oil of K. galanga rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis using HP-5MS column. Evaluation of nematicidal toxicity was performed against juveniles (J2) of H. avenae. The bioactive constituent compounds were isolated and identified from the oil based on bioactivity-directed fractionation.Results: Forty-one components were identified and the main components of the essential oil of K. galanga are as follows: ethyl-ρ-methoxy cinnamate (34.79 %), ethyl cinnamate (20.72%), 1,8-cineole (8.96 %), trans-cinnamaldehyde (7.03%) and borneol (5.64 %). The essential oil exhibited nematicidal activity against the cereal cyst nematode with an LC50 value of 91.78 μg/mL. Ethyl cinnamate, ethyl ρ-methoxy cinnamate and trans-cinnamaldehyde (median lethal concentration LC50 = 100.60 μg/ml, 83.04 μg/mL and 94.75 μg/mL, respectively) exhibited stronger nematicidal toxicity than borneol (LC50 = 734.89 μg/mL) and 1,8-cineole (LC50 = 921.21 μg/mL) against the cereal cyst nematode.Conclusion: The results indicate that the essential oil of K. galanga and its isolated constituents have a potential for development into natural nematicides for the control of cereal cyst nematodes.Keywords: Kaempferia galanga, Heterodera avenae, Nematicidal activity, Cereal cyst nematodes, Ethyl cinnamate, Ethyl ρ-methoxy cinnamate, Trans-cinnamaldehyd
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