Three-generation neutrino oscillations in curved spacetime

Three-generation MSW effect in curved spacetime is studied and a brief discussion on the gravitational correction to the neutrino self-energy is given. The modified mixing parameters and corresponding conversion probabilities of neutrinos after traveling through celestial objects of constant densities are obtained. The method to distinguish between the normal hierarchy and inverted hierarchy is discussed in this framework. Due to the gravitational redshift of energy, in some extreme situations, the resonance energy of neutrinos might be shifted noticeably and the gravitational effect on the self-energy of neutrino becomes significant at the vicinities of spacetime singularities.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Some changes are made according to referee's suggestions. The final version is to be published at Nuclear Physics

Distributed Collaborative Monitoring in Software Defined Networks

We propose a Distributed and Collaborative Monitoring system, DCM, with the following properties. First, DCM allow switches to collaboratively achieve flow monitoring tasks and balance measurement load. Second, DCM is able to perform per-flow monitoring, by which different groups of flows are monitored using different actions. Third, DCM is a memory-efficient solution for switch data plane and guarantees system scalability. DCM uses a novel two-stage Bloom filters to represent monitoring rules using small memory space. It utilizes the centralized SDN control to install, update, and reconstruct the two-stage Bloom filters in the switch data plane. We study how DCM performs two representative monitoring tasks, namely flow size counting and packet sampling, and evaluate its performance. Experiments using real data center and ISP traffic data on real network topologies show that DCM achieves highest measurement accuracy among existing solutions given the same memory budget of switches

Distinguish Coding And Noncoding Sequences In A Complete Genome Using Fourier Transform

A Fourier transform method is proposed to distinguish coding and non-coding sequences in a complete genome based on a number sequence representation of the DNA sequence proposed in our previous paper (Zhou et al., J. Theor. Biol. 2005) and the imperfect periodicity of 3 in protein coding sequences. The three parameters P_x(S) (1), P_x(S) (1/3) and P_x(S) (1/36) in the Fourier transform of the number sequence representation of DNA sequences are selected to form a three-dimensional parameter space. Each DNA sequence is then represented by a point in this space. The points corresponding to coding and non-coding sequences in the complete genome of prokaryotes are seen to be divided into different regions. If the point (P_x(�ar S) (1), Px(�ar S) (1/3), P_x(�ar S) (1/36)) for a DNA sequence is situated in the region corresponding to coding sequences, the sequence is distinguished as a coding sequence; otherwise, the sequence is classified as a noncoding one. Fisher's discriminant algorithm is used to study the discriminant accuracy. The average discriminant accuracies pc, pnc, qc and qnc of all 51 prokaryotes obtained by the present method reach 81.02%, 92.27%, 80.77% and 92.24% respectively

Calculation of the Branching Ratio of B−→hc+K−B^{-}\to h_{c}+K^{-} in PQCD

The branching ratio of $B^-\to h_c+K^-$ is re-evaluated in the PQCD approach. In this theoretical framework all the phenomenological parameters in the wavefunctions and Sudakov factor are priori fixed by fitting other experimental data, and in the whole numerical computations we do not introduce any new parameter. Our results are consistent with the upper bounds set by the Babar and Belle measurements.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

A Mutual Information Based Sequence Distance For Vertebrate Phylogeny Using Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Traditional sequence distances require alignment. A new mutual information based sequence distance without alignment is defined in this paper. This distance is based on compositional vectors of DNA sequences or protein sequences from complete genomes. First we establish the mathematical foundation of this distance. Then this distance is applied to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of 64 vertebrates using complete mitochondrial genomes. The phylogenetic tree shows that the mitochondrial genomes are separated into three major groups. One group corresponds to mammals; one group corresponds to fish; and the last one is Archosauria (including birds and reptiles). The structure of the tree based on our new distance is roughly in agreement in topology with the current known phylogenies of vertebrates

Type-Aware Decomposed Framework for Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition

Despite the recent success achieved by several two-stage prototypical networks in few-shot named entity recognition (NER) task, the overdetected false spans at the span detection stage and the inaccurate and unstable prototypes at the type classification stage remain to be challenging problems. In this paper, we propose a novel Type-Aware Decomposed framework, namely TadNER, to solve these problems. We first present a type-aware span filtering strategy to filter out false spans by removing those semantically far away from type names. We then present a type-aware contrastive learning strategy to construct more accurate and stable prototypes by jointly exploiting support samples and type names as references. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks prove that our proposed TadNER framework yields a new state-of-the-art performance. Our code and data will be available at https://github.com/NLPWM-WHU/TadNER.Comment: Accepted to the Findings of EMNLP 2023, camera ready versio