2,679 research outputs found
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UNDERSTANDING THE âHIGH CONSUMPTIONâ PHENOMENON OF CHINESE OUTBOUND TOURISTS
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Customer Loyalty: Do Brands Still Matter?
The conventional wisdom holds that consumersâ brand loyalty is a function of their perceived brand performance. However, recent studies have shown that loyalty may be affected by non-performance factors, such as brand parity, brand size, and a consumerâs propensity to be loyal. This study explored the three effects on brand loyalty in a tourism context, and lent partial support to their direct effects on loyalty. Specifically, it was revealed that respondentsâ attitudinal loyalty was significantly and positively related to their loyalty proneness, and their behavioral loyalty was significantly and positively related to a brandâs market share. However, brand parity did not seem to affect respondentsâ attitudinal loyalty but was found to have a slightly positive effect on respondentsâ behavioral loyalty. These results suggest that the three effects on loyalty could be more complicated than originally conceptualize
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You call it âsharingâ, I call it âbraggingâ: Conceptualizing travel bragging from a dual perspective
Travel bragging refers to showing off or boasting about travel experiences. Although travel bragging is increasingly ubiquitous on social media, this topic has been largely under-researched in academia. The present study aimed to explore travel bragging through a qualitative approach from both travel braggersâ and audienceâs perspectives. Based on data from 30 semi-structured interviews, this study provided a systematic conceptualization of travel bragging, which included the definition of travel bragging, how to distinguish travel bragging from travel experience sharing, motivations of travel bragging, the influence of travel bragging on both travel braggers and their audience, as well as their coping strategies in response to the negative impacts of travel bragging. The conceptualization of travel bragging highlights the perception gaps between the travel braggers and the audience in identification of travel bragging, motivations of travel bragging and the emotional experiences of the audience. Further, this study contributes to the WOM (word of mouth) literature by uncovering the positive and negative influences of travel bragging and the underlying mechanisms. Managerially, this study generated important implications for destination marketing organizations, individuals, and policy makers related to travel bragging
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A Cone-Shaped Typology of Destination Cities in the United States
Based on a panel survey of Americansâ travel behavior, this study adopts cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to build a typology of destination cities in the United States. Past studies relied on supply-side characteristics such as types of attractors and seasonality to categorize destinations; this study adopted tripographic variables for the cluster analysis, such as estimated annual tourist volumes, tourist ratios, trip purposes, accommodation types, trip lengths, and transportation modes. The results validated the 11 cluster solution of cities in the United States. The discriminant analysis results in six discriminant functions in which four are corresponding to the clustering variables. The finding could be useful for various destination marketing, competition, and benchmarking research
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Destination advertising in a smarter way: A machine learning model for DMOsâ photo selection
Photos are important carriers for destination image communication. Currently, effectively and efficiently selecting appropriate photos for destination promotion remains a major challenge for DMOs, and has caused the discrepancy between projected and received images. In the process of photo selection, contents that can best evoke viewersâ potential motives should be highly considered. This project proposes and implements a machine learning based model to assist DMOs with photo content selection. This protocol can rank candidate photos describing a specific theme from viewersâ perspective. In our study, over 190,000 Flickr photos of New York City were analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The results indicate that the proposed method can facilitate the selection of destination photos and address the well-known gap between the projected image and the received image
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A Tale of Two Villages: Debordering and Rebordering in the Bordered Community Scenic Area
Border is part of the entrenched history and reality of tourist mobility. This study takes the concept of border as the theorical basis to analyze how local borders are produced, developed and transformed in tourism communities. Taking Chinaâs Hongcun Village, a bordered UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site, and its neighboring community Jicun as the study cases, the authors conducted interviews and observation to explore how local borders are developed. The results show that local borders can be understood from five perspectives in Hongcun Scenic Area: administrative, physical, social-economic, functional and psychological. They are not fixed but interacting with each other and constantly changing. This paper contributes to the literature as it reveals that local borders are always driven by external forces and actors, strongly supported by the market economy. And it conceptualizes borders as processes including bordering, debordering and rebordering, which provides a dynamic perspective to understand tourism impacts
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A Post-event Examination of the Socio-economic Impacts of the 2008 Olympic Games
The study attempts to examine the host residentsâ perceptions of the post-event economic and social impacts of the 2008 Olympic Games on both community level and personal level, as well as their overall attitude towards the Games based on the two levels of impacts. The results showed that host residents held a more favorable perception of the impacts on the community than on their personal lives. Their overall attitude toward the Games was mainly formed upon community-level outcomes other than personal rewards. The study revealed unique insights of mega-event social-economic impacts in a traditionally collectivism-oriented culture and society, and provided new perspectives on the social exchange theory and social representation theory
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Exploring the Relationship between Whole vs. Part Destination Images: A Case Study
This study attempted to explore the relationship between the destination image of one region (whole destination image) and those of its inner areas (part destination images) via a core-periphery structural perspective. To date, empirical studies on this topic remain rare. By content analyzing online reviews, the relationship of memory associations in the whole and part destination images was analyzed. Our results show that whole destination image shares a number of associations with part destination images. Yet the percentages of shared image associations on whole destination image are not equal among part destination images. The status (core/periphery) of shared associations may not be the same in whole and part destination images. Besides, core associations of part destination images are more likely to be found in whole destination image compared to periphery associations of part destination images. Conceptual and managerial implications of the findings were discussed
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Consequence-based vs. Ethic-based Evaluations? Re-thinking Travel Decision-making amid a Global Pandemic
The global pandemic has put the idea of âtravel shamingâ under the spotlightâtravelers are concerned of being criticized for traveling irresponsibly during the pandemic, hence hesitant to take nonessential travel. However, travel shaming, conceptualized as a type of ethic-based evaluation, has not drawn much attention as consequence-based evaluation (e.g., perceived risks and benefits) in travel-related risk research. This study aims to reveal how different dimensions of risk evaluation influence attitudes and intentions to travel through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that both consequence-based and ethic-based evaluations play an important role in predicting travelersâ attitudes and intentions to travel during the pandemic. In addition, this study emphasizes that social trust and self-efficacy can exert a significant influence on both consequence-based and ethic-based risk evaluations. Contributions and discussions of this study are provided in closing
Resident Sentiment: Preliminary Conceptualization and Measurement
Understanding how residents view and react to tourism development is an important topic in tourism literature. To date, most studies focused on the formation and change of localsâ attitudes, whose predictive power to behaviors remains controversial. This study proposes âresident sentimentâ as a more encompassing concept to describe local residentsâ overall views of tourism development, with attitude as a constituent part. Further, the research team suggests two levels of sentiment: individual sentiment being an internal disposition shaped mainly by private encounters, and public sentiment being shared feelings and reactions resulted from dynamic, multilateral interactions among people. Guided by social exchange and social representations theories, personal experience, social interactions, and destination characteristics are proposed as potential sources of individual sentiment, and mass and social media as a proxy of a communityâs public sentiment. A model is proposed to illustrate the determinants and consequences of resident sentiment and interrelationships among key variables
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