115 research outputs found
CLIP2GAN: Towards Bridging Text with the Latent Space of GANs
In this work, we are dedicated to text-guided image generation and propose a
novel framework, i.e., CLIP2GAN, by leveraging CLIP model and StyleGAN. The key
idea of our CLIP2GAN is to bridge the output feature embedding space of CLIP
and the input latent space of StyleGAN, which is realized by introducing a
mapping network. In the training stage, we encode an image with CLIP and map
the output feature to a latent code, which is further used to reconstruct the
image. In this way, the mapping network is optimized in a self-supervised
learning way. In the inference stage, since CLIP can embed both image and text
into a shared feature embedding space, we replace CLIP image encoder in the
training architecture with CLIP text encoder, while keeping the following
mapping network as well as StyleGAN model. As a result, we can flexibly input a
text description to generate an image. Moreover, by simply adding mapped text
features of an attribute to a mapped CLIP image feature, we can effectively
edit the attribute to the image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior
performance of our proposed CLIP2GAN compared to previous methods
Experimental and numerical observation of dark and bright breathers in the band gap of a diatomic electrical lattice
We observe dark and bright intrinsic localized modes (ILMs), also known as discrete breathers, experimentally
and numerically in a diatomic-like electrical lattice. The experimental generation of dark ILMs by driving a
dissipative lattice with spatially homogenous amplitude is, to our knowledge, unprecedented. In addition, the
experimental manifestation of bright breathers within the band gap is also novel in this system. In experimental
measurements the dark modes appear just below the bottom of the top branch in frequency. As the frequency is
then lowered further into the band gap, the dark ILMs persist, until the nonlinear localization pattern reverses
and bright ILMs appear on top of the finite background. Deep into the band gap, only a single bright structure
survives in a lattice of 32 nodes. The vicinity of the bottom band also features bright and dark self-localized
excitations. These results pave the way for a more systematic study of dark breathers and their bifurcations in
diatomic-like chains.VI Plan Propio of the University of Seville, Spain (VI PPITUS)AEI/FEDER, UE MAT2016- 79866-
SinDiffusion: Learning a Diffusion Model from a Single Natural Image
We present SinDiffusion, leveraging denoising diffusion models to capture
internal distribution of patches from a single natural image. SinDiffusion
significantly improves the quality and diversity of generated samples compared
with existing GAN-based approaches. It is based on two core designs. First,
SinDiffusion is trained with a single model at a single scale instead of
multiple models with progressive growing of scales which serves as the default
setting in prior work. This avoids the accumulation of errors, which cause
characteristic artifacts in generated results. Second, we identify that a
patch-level receptive field of the diffusion network is crucial and effective
for capturing the image's patch statistics, therefore we redesign the network
structure of the diffusion model. Coupling these two designs enables us to
generate photorealistic and diverse images from a single image. Furthermore,
SinDiffusion can be applied to various applications, i.e., text-guided image
generation, and image outpainting, due to the inherent capability of diffusion
models. Extensive experiments on a wide range of images demonstrate the
superiority of our proposed method for modeling the patch distribution
Populus trichocarpa PtNF-YA9, A Multifunctional Transcription Factor, Regulates Seed Germination, Abiotic Stress, Plant Growth and Development in Arabidopsis
NF-YAs play important roles in abiotic stress. However, their characteristics and functions in abiotic stress of poplar, a model woody plant, have not been fully investigated. Here, the biological functions of PtNF-YA9 (Potri.011G101000), an NF-YA gene from Populus trichocarpa, were first fully investigated. PtNF-YA9 is located in the nucleus. The expression of PtNF-YA9 was reduced by mannitol, NaCl, and abscisic acid (ABA). The GUS staining of ProNF-YA9::GUS transgenic lines was also reduced by mannitol treatments. In the PtNF-YA9-overexpressed Arabidopsis (OxPtNA9), OxPtNA9 lines exhibited sensitivity to simulated drought, ABA, and salinity stress during germination stage, and growth arrest emerged at post-germination stage. These phenomena might involve the ABA signaling pathway via the regulation of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. At vegetative stages, OxPtNA9 lines decreased in water loss via promoting stomatal closure and displayed high instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) of the leaf to exhibit enhanced drought tolerance. Furthermore, OxPtNA9 lines exhibited long primary root in the half-strength Murashige–Skoog agar medium supplemented with NaCl and conferred strong tolerance in the soil under salt stress. Additionally, PtNF-YA9 exhibited dwarf phenotype, short hypocotyl, small leaf area and biomass, delayed flowering, and increased chlorophyll content. Above all, our research proposes a model in which PtNF-YA9 not only plays a key role in reducing plant growth but also can play a primary role in the mechanism of an acclimatization strategy in response to adverse environmental conditions
Scientific Opportunities with an X-ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator
An X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) is a new type of hard X-ray
source that would produce fully coherent pulses with meV bandwidth and stable
intensity. The XFELO complements existing sources based on self-amplified
spontaneous emission (SASE) from high-gain X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL)
that produce ultra-short pulses with broad-band chaotic spectra. This report is
based on discussions of scientific opportunities enabled by an XFELO during a
workshop held at SLAC on June 29 - July 1, 2016Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
Construction of an immunogenic cell death-based risk score prognosis model in breast cancer
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of regulated cell death that elicits immune response. Common inducers of ICD include cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A better understanding of ICD might contribute to modify the current regimens of anti-cancer therapy, especially immunotherapy. This study aimed to identify ICD-related prognostic gene signatures in breast cancer (BC). An ICD-based gene prognostic signature was developed using Lasso-cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on datasets acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. A nomogram model was developed to predict the prognosis of BC patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GESA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were used to explore the differentially expressed signaling pathways in high and low-risk groups. CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were performed to investigate the difference of immune status in tumor microenvironment of different risk groups. Six genes (CALR, CLEC9A, BAX, TLR4, CXCR3, and PIK3CA) were selected for construction and validation of the prognosis model of BC based on public data. GSEA and GSVA analysis found that immune-related gene sets were enriched in low-risk group. Moreover, immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the immune features of the high-risk group were characterized by higher infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and a lower proportion of CD8+ T cells, suggesting an immune evasive tumor microenvironment. We constructed and validated an ICD-based gene signature for predicting prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our model provides a tool with good discrimination and calibration abilities to predict the prognosis of BC, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
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