Exotic Higgs Decay via Charged Higgs

The most common search channel for heavy neutral Higgses in models with an extension of the Standard Model Higgs sector is $A/H^0\rightarrow \tau\tau$, which becomes ineffective when new decay modes of $A/H^0$ open. In this paper, we analyzed two such channels involving charged Higgses in the final states: $A/H^0 \rightarrow W^\pm H^\mp$ and $H^0 \rightarrow H^+H^-$. With the consequent decay of $H^\pm\rightarrow \tau\nu$, we found that the limits for $\sigma\times{BR}(gg \rightarrow A/H^0 \rightarrow W^\pm H^\mp)\times {BR}(H^\pm \rightarrow \tau \nu)$ vary from 30 to 10 fb for $m_{A/H^0}$ between 300 and 1000 GeV for 95% C.L. exclusion, and about 80 to 30 fb for 5$\sigma$ discovery. For $H^+H^-$ mode, 95% C.L. limits on $\sigma\times {BR}(gg\to H^0\to H^+ H^-)\times {BR}^2(H^\pm\to \tau\nu)$ vary from 9 to 4 fb for $m_{H^0}$ between 400 and 1000 GeV, while the 5$\sigma$ reach is about 20 to 10 fb. We further interpret the cross section limits in the Type II 2HDM parameter space. While $A\rightarrow W^\pm H^\mp$ offers great sensitivity in both $\sin(\beta-\alpha)$ versus $\tan\beta$ and $m_A$ versus $\tan\beta$ parameter space, $H^0\rightarrow H^+ H^-$ can cover most of the parameter space for $H^0$. Reach in $H^0\rightarrow W^\pm H^\mp$ is more limited, especially for $m_{H^0}>2 m_{H^\pm}$. It is, however, complementary to $H^0\rightarrow H^+ H^-$ when ${BR}(H^0\rightarrow H^+ H^-)$ is accidentally suppressed.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, version appear in JHE

Probing Exotic Charged Higgs Decays in the Type-II 2HDM through Top Rich Signal at a Future 100 TeV pp Collider

The exotic decay modes of non-Standard Model Higgs bosons are efficient in probing the hierarchical Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM). In particular, the decay mode $H^\pm\to HW^\pm$ serves as a powerful channel in searching for charged Higgses. In this paper, we analyzed the reach for $H^\pm\to HW^\pm \to t\bar{t}W$ at a 100 TeV $pp$ collider, and showed that it extends the reach of the previously studied $\tau\tau W$ final states once above the top threshold. Top tagging technique is used, in combination with the boosted decision tree classifier. Almost the entire hierarchical Type-II 2HDM parameter space can be probed via the combination of all channels at low $\tan\beta$ region.Comment: 17 page

Key issues of central and local government finance in the People's Republic of China

Fiscal decentralization has been established in the People's Republic of China (PRC), but crises emerge at the local government level due to remaining problems of the fiscal administration system of tax allocation and the impact of replacing the business tax with a value added tax. The PRC taxation system requires readjustment and local governments have begun to focus on innovative financing models. The main path to stable and sustainable government finances is to maintain the general public budget and the government fund budget. The present study shows that use of innovative fundraising and financing channels will lead to the upgrading of local government infrastructure and public service. Suggestions for enhancing local government fiscal stability and sustainability include: reducing the fiscal burden at the local level by standardizing and legalizing outlay responsibilities at all government levels; forming a long-term fiscal growth mechanism by establishing a modern taxation system; establishing a standardized and predictable transfer payment system by introducing block transfer payments and prioritized transfer payments as a basis for a stable growth mechanism for general transfer payments; promoting public-private partnership legislation to encourage participation of social capital and maximize the multiplier effect of public expenditure; and improving the mid-term budget and debt-annexed budget and establishing a government planning mechanism for investment and debt financing of major infrastructure construction projects

Safety Model Checking with Complementary Approximations

Formal verification techniques such as model checking, are becoming popular in hardware design. SAT-based model checking techniques such as IC3/PDR, have gained a significant success in hardware industry. In this paper, we present a new framework for SAT-based safety model checking, named Complementary Approximate Reachability (CAR). CAR is based on standard reachability analysis, but instead of maintaining a single sequence of reachable- state sets, CAR maintains two sequences of over- and under- approximate reachable-state sets, checking safety and unsafety at the same time. To construct the two sequences, CAR uses standard Boolean-reasoning algorithms, based on satisfiability solving, one to find a satisfying cube of a satisfiable Boolean formula, and one to provide a minimal unsatisfiable core of an unsatisfiable Boolean formula. We applied CAR to 548 hardware model-checking instances, and compared its performance with IC3/PDR. Our results show that CAR is able to solve 42 instances that cannot be solved by IC3/PDR. When evaluated against a portfolio that includes IC3/PDR and other approaches, CAR is able to solve 21 instances that the other approaches cannot solve. We conclude that CAR should be considered as a valuable member of any algorithmic portfolio for safety model checking

Universal health coverage: The case of China

In less than a decade, China transformed its inadequate, unjust health care system in order to provide basic universal health coverage (UHC) for its people. What forces made it possible for China to achieve this? What kind of transformation took place? What are the impacts of these policy changes? What can we learn from China? Moreover, while China has achieved UHC in basic health services, this does not mean that everyone has equal access to the same quality of affordable health care. This paper, which uses a theory of political economy to analyse China´s policy changes and accomplishments, consists of four main sections. Section I reviews the historical development of the Chinese health care system from the 1950s through the 1990s, tracing the serious consequences of the policy shift in the 1980s when the health care system and health care delivery became privately financed and commercialized. Section II analyses the political economy factors that drove and shaped the reform of the Chinese health system, focusing on the politics, institutions and actors that synergistically led to the establishment of UHC in 2009. In this section, we modified slightly John Kingdon´s theory and used it to examine four main streams of forces to explain how China´s reform came about. (1) The problem stream shows how Chinese political leaders recognized a serious, widespread public discontent regarding health and then diagnosed the root causes of these health problems. (2) The policy stream examines how major stakeholders in the health sector proposed, and heatedly debated, different policy options based on their vested interests and ideologies. (3) The financial stream highlights how China´s health policy was driven by fiscal constraints. (4) The politics stream analyses the political factors that influenced the agenda setting and policy formulation of UHC in authoritarian China, albeit with limited political transparency. The paper tracks these streams with historical evidence to conclude that the policy changes for UHC in China were established by the convergence of these four streams. Section III presents the policy outcomes - the current financing structure of the UHC (i.e., the three different insurance schemes, their benefit packages, and key companion programmes to assure the supply of basic services). Based on quantitative evidence, we summarize the impacts of China´s UHC in terms of equitable access to health care, quality and affordability of health care, health outcomes, and financial risk protection from high and/or catastrophic medical expenses. Although China´s UHC was a great achievement, stark disparities remain between urban and rural residents in China, along with high health expenditure inflation rates arising from inefficiency and waste in the health care system. In section IV, we discuss the remaining challenges for China´s health care system and comment on the potential lessons of the Chinese experience for other nations

Optimal controller design for non-affine nonlinear power systems with static var compensators for hybrid UAVs

s Mr. S. Venkataiah is thankful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for the award of UGC-BSR-RFSMS Junior Research Fellowship. Dr. S. Uthanna thankful to the University Grants Commission for the award of UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship.A generalized non-affine nonlinear power system model is presented for a single machine bus power system with a Static Var Compensator (SVC) or State Var System (SVS) for hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The model is constructed by differential algebraic equations on the MATLAB-Simulink platform with the programming technique of its S-Function. Combining the inverse system method and the Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR), an optimized SVC controller is designed. The simulations under three fault conditions show that the proposed controller can effectively improve the power system transient performance.publishersversionpublishe

Light Scalars at FASER

FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is a currently operating experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that can detect light long-lived particles produced in the forward region of the LHC interacting point. In this paper, we study the prospect of detecting light CP-even and CP-odd scalars at FASER and FASER 2. Considering a model-independent framework describing the most general interactions between a CP-even or CP-odd scalar and SM particles using the notation of coupling modifiers in the effective Lagrangian, we develop the general formalism for the scalar production and decay. We then analyze the FASER and FASER 2 reaches of light scalars in the large $\tan\beta$ region of the Type-I two Higgs double model as a case study, in which light scalars with relatively long lifetime could be accommodated. In the two benchmark scenarios we considered, the light (pseudo)scalar decay length varies in $(10^{-8}, 10^5)$ meters. Both FASER and FASER 2 can probe a large part of the parameter space in the large $\tan\beta$ region up to $10^5$, extending beyond the constraints of the other existing experiments.Comment: 37 pages, 6 figure